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Renaissance
the "rebirth" of greco roman naturalism
TERM 2
city-state
DEFINITION 2
independent or autonomous entity, not administered as part
of another local government, whose territory consists of a
city and possibly surrounding agricultural area
TERM 3
Vernacular
DEFINITION 3
native language or dialect of a specific population
TERM 4
Humanism
DEFINITION 4
A philosophical or ethical stance emphasizing the value and
agency of human beings, both collectively and individually.
TERM 5
Saint Francis Altarpiece
DEFINITION 5
Painted by Bonaventura Berlinghieri in 1235Tempura on
woodcommisioned by a group of mendicant
franciscansearliest known representation of saint
AssisiDepicts the saint wearing the now characteristic brown
robespainted in the byzantine style (frontal poses, gold
leaf)highlights increasing prominence of religoius orders in
late medieval italy
Maniera Greca
A style emphasizing flatness and spirituality, characterized
by lack of perspective, centrally located figures with little
emotion, typically the style in which greek icons are painted.
consists of tempera and gold leaf
TERM 7
altarpiece
DEFINITION 7
An altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious
subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a
church.
TERM 8
mendicant orders
DEFINITION 8
a religious order which depends entirely on charity for their
livelihood, they take vows of poverty and own little to no
property of their own.
TERM 9
Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets
DEFINITION 9 painted by the artist Cimabue in 1280-1290is in the Santa Trinita, Florencecan see the byzantine influences in the extensive use of gold leaf and the composition (large central figue) however he added depth using the gold leaf embellishments in the folds of madonna's dress as well as the receding of her throne and the overlapping angels on the side. TERM 10
Madonna enthroned
DEFINITION 10 painted by Giotto in 1310, from the church of ognissanti, florenceGiotto was influenced by Cimabue but spurned the maniera greca style in favor of observation based painting.Compared to the virginal delicacy of Cimabue's effort, Giotto's madonna is a queenly figure, with weight and presence, instead of spiritual immateriality. This would become a new trend of naturalistic art based on observation and a greater understanding of the world.
Predella
A predella is the platform or step on which an altar or
sculpture stands, is often illustrated with a small scene in
relation to the art that stands upon it
TERM 17
Flemish Painting
DEFINITION 17
Flemish painting flourished from the early 15th century until
the 17th century. Flanders delivered the leading painters in
Northern Europe and attracted many promising young
painters from neighbouring countries. Flemish painters were
among the first to employ oil paints extensively
TERM 18
Burgundy
DEFINITION 18 Burgundy is an administrative and historical region of east-central France. Burgundy comprises the following four departments: Cte- d'Or, Sane-et-Loire, Yonne and Nivre. In the 15th century the Duke of Burgundy had Flanders under his control. Burgundy flourished due to the wool trade that had centered in Bruges, a cultural and financial rival to Paris, France. TERM 19
Book of Hours
DEFINITION 19
The book of hours is a Christian devotional book popular in
the Middle Ages. It is the most common type of surviving
medieval illuminated manuscript.
TERM 20
Limbourg
Brothers
DEFINITION 20
The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg
(Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl. 1385 - 1416), were famous
Dutch miniature painters from the city of Nijmegen. Famous
for popularizing books of hours among the Northern
European aristocracy
January
Limbourg Bros. 1413-16, from the book, Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de BerryColors and ink on vellumportrays a New Years reception at court, the duke is portrayed generously, with the fire screen haloing his head, his chamberlain stands by, beckoning at guests to come join the feast, (a sumptuous spread is lain before the duke) the food and setting is rich and lavish, warm. The book, commissioned by the Duke of Berry, reinforces him as a devout man, cultured bibliophile, warm host, art patron, and magnanimous leader TERM 22
Oil Painting
DEFINITION 22
Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are
bound with a medium of drying oil. Commonly used drying
oils include linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, and
safflower oil.
TERM 23
Glaze
DEFINITION 23
Glazes can change the chroma, value, hue and texture of a
surface. Drying time will depend on the amount and type of
paint medium used in the glaze.
TERM 24
Merode Altarpiece
DEFINITION 24
Robert Campin, 1425-28, MetOil on woodPortraying the
annunciation
TERM 25
Ghent Altarpiece
DEFINITION 25
Jan van Eyck, 1435, Saint Bravo Cathedral, Ghent, BelgiumOil
on WoodCommissioned by Jodacus Vyd, who managed to
parlay his earned goodwill into an appointment as chief
magistrate.The Ghent Altarpiece is a very large and complex
early 15th centuryEarly Flemish polyptych panel painting.
Baptistry doors
competition
in 1401, the art directors of the San Giovanni cathedral (in
florence) held a competition to decorate the east baptistry
doors (highly visible, today, only the panels of Fillipo
Bruneleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti have survived. the panels
are a representation of the sacrifice of isaac by abraham.
TERM 32
Linear Perspective
DEFINITION 32
Perspective in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an
approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as
paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.
TERM 33
Vanishing point
DEFINITION 33
In graphical perspective, a vanishing point is a point in the
picture plane - that is the intersection of the projections of a
set of parallel lines in space on to the picture plane.
TERM 34
Horizon line
DEFINITION 34
the line where the ground meets the sky, has the vanishing
point somewhere along it
TERM 35
Expressiveness
DEFINITION 35
a sense of focus on emotional aspects as opposed to
intellectual ones
Isaac and his sons
Lorenzo Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise, Baptistry of San
Giovanni, FlorenceGilded BronzeDisplays perfectly linear
perspective as designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti
TERM 37
Or San Michele
DEFINITION 37 A major florentine sculptural project in the early 1400's was the decoration of the exterior of Or San Michele, an early 14th century building prominently located on Main Street. It had many functions, most recently to house the city's guilds. Who were each instructed to contribute a piece of statuary to the exterior niches. The sculptors guild contributed Four Crowned Saints, the Linen makers and tailers contributed Saint Mark, and the armorers and sword makers contributed Saint George TERM 38
Four Crowned Saints
DEFINITION 38
Nanni Di Banco, Or San Michele, FlorenceFour roman
sculptors martyred by Emperor Diocletian for refusing to
sculpt an idol of a pagan diety.
TERM 39
Contropposto
DEFINITION 39
Shifted weight
TERM 40
Gattamelata
DEFINITION 40 Donatello, Piazza del Santo, Padua, ItalyA commemorative monument in honor of a Venetian General, Donatello''s equestrian statue is the first since antiquity to rival the grandeur of roman imperial mounted portraits. Donatello chose to represent the venetian commander as simply a badass dude, instead of the oversized gods of other mounted portraits. His face is set in a mask of resolution and iron will, he represents the quintessential renaissance man ideal, multitalented, courageous, intelligent, and of humble origion. The left foreleg placed on the orb symbolizes dominion over the world.
Rationalism
Rationalism is a term referring to the idea that architecture is
a science, and should be treated as such, opposes the
baroque concept of illusionism
TERM 47
Modular Design
DEFINITION 47
Designing components of a system seperatelly, testing them
seperately.
TERM 48
Central Plan
DEFINITION 48
Economic planning refers to a coordinating mechanism
outside the mechanisms of the market. There are various
types of planning procedures and different ways of
conducting economic planning
TERM 49
Rustication
DEFINITION 49
An architectural feature meant to contrast in texture with the
square cut, smooth masonry called ashlar. Often squared-off,
but left with a rough facade and ends, used to ground a
building or scuplture, usually supplanted by ashlar higher up
TERM 50
Colonnade
DEFINITION 50
In classical architecture, a colonnade denotes a long
sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-
standing, or part of a building.
Birth of Venus
Botticelli
TERM 52
Primavera
DEFINITION 52
Botticelli
TERM 53
Engraving
DEFINITION 53
Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard,
usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.
TERM 54
Leon Battista Alberti
DEFINITION 54
Leon Battista Alberti (February 14, 1404 - April 20, 1472) was
an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist,
philosopher, cryptographer and general Renaissance
humanist polymath.
TERM 55
Annunciation
DEFINITION 55 Fra Angelica, San Marco, ItalyFrescoAnother depiction of the announcement of the coming of christ by Gabriel, this was commissioned by an order of mendicant dominicans and was purposefully created with simplicity and purity in mind. Reflects the artist's humble character. Inscription at the bottom is an admonition to say a Hail Mary every time you pass by this venerational piece.
