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First Responder Final Study Guide
When does a First Responder provide care? For how long? - ANS>from the scene till the next person of equal or higher certification arrives What is a PSAP? - ANS>public safety answering point (911 call center) What is the difference between off-line and on-line medical direction? - ANS>off-line - predetermined protocols on-line - communication with medical director What are the levels of EMS training? - ANS>EMR - emergency medical responder EMT - emergency medical technician A-EMT - advanced emergency medical technician Paramedic Agency responsible for certification and license of EMR's in Louisiana? - ANS>Louisiana Bureau of EMS What is a Scope of Care? - ANS>what you can do legally as an EMR; ex - no traction splints or KED
What is the first concern of an EMR when dealing with patient care? - ANS>scene safety What is implied consent? - ANS>assuming permission of an unresponsive patient requiring care What is expressed consent? - ANS>when a patient gives permission for care What is patient abandonment? - ANS>leaving a patient after beginning the provision of care Explain patient confidentiality. Who can and can't share patient info? - ANS>not sharing personal/medical info of a patient; can share with medical professionals caring for patient and those responsible for payment What is a DNR? What implications does it have? - ANS>advanced directive of patient's request that CPR not be performed What are some common examples of a patient not being declared competent? - ANS>unresponsive, altered mental status
What is the North American Emergency Response Guide? Why would you need one? - ANS>reference guide for hazmat What are the 4 abdominal quadrants? - ANS>upper right - liver, gallbladder, large intestine lower right - appendix, intestine upper left - stomach, spleen lower left - intestine define medial, lateral, distal, proximal, anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior - ANS>medial - along midline lateral - away from midline distal - away from joint proximal - close to joint anterior - front posterior - back superior - top inferior - bottom What is the recovery position and what is it used for? - ANS>lying on side to prevent inhalation of vomit
What is an emergency rescue move? - ANS>carries and drags performed in life-threatening situations List the safe techniques for proper body mechanics when lifting something heavy? - ANS>no twisting, stretching, reaching, or using back to lift; keep a firm footing What kind of equipment would you need to move a patient down a flight of stairs? - ANS>stair chair What would a scoop stretcher be used for? - ANS>getting patient on bed for transport without the spine board What are the two different ways to open a patient's airway? - ANS>jaw/chin maneuver, OP/nasal airway How long do you assess to see if a person is breathing? - ANS> seconds What do you do if someone appears to be choking? What if they are pregnant? - ANS>abdominal thrusts; chest thrusts
What is AVPU? What body system is it designed to help receive information about? - ANS>alert, voice, pain, unresponsive; used to receive info about nervous system What is GCS? What is normal? - ANS>brain/nervous system damage What is a SAMPLE history? - ANS>symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, events proceeding What is homeostasis? - ANS>body's state of balance between all body processes; outside homeostasis = critical What is the role of the autonomic nervous system? - ANS>controls involuntary/automatic movement and processes What are considered vital signs? - ANS>pulse, BP, respiration rate and quality, O2 Sat What technique is used to perform chest compression for an infant, child, and adult? - ANS>CPR? How quick should an AED be used in a rescue effort? - ANS>ASAP
When initiating your first two breaths and they do not go in, what do you do? - ANS>4 chances for 2 breaths What are the signs and symptoms of a person having a heart attack? Angina? - ANS>no breathing/agonal breathing, no pulse or movement, pain in heart; pain in chest when going upstairs What are the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure? - ANS>chest pain or discomfort, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, gurgling, pitting edema, weakness Signs and symptoms of a stroke? TIA? - ANS>altered mental status, inability to communicate, impairment on one side What are the four routes for a poison to enter the body? - ANS>ingested, inhaled, absorbed, injected What is hyperglycemia? hypoglycemia? - ANS>hyper - high glucose; diabetes hypo - low glucose; food, liver, fat, muscle When would you use an EpiPen? - ANS>allergic reaction/anaphylactic shock
leg, torso - 18 What is the difference between an open and closed wound? - ANS>open - skin breaks closed - doesn't break skin What is the difference between a dressing and a bandage? - ANS>dressing - covers wounds; protects from infection bandage - holds dressing in place What is ecchymosis? - ANS>red/blue coloring; sign of hematoma What is a tension pneumothorax? - ANS>tension pneumothorax - didn't break skin, but collapsed lung What is a flail chest? - ANS>flail chest - floating rib that goes up and down What is an evisceration? How to treat an abdominal evisceration? - ANS>guts hanging out; occlusive dressing taped on four sides What is gangrene? - ANS>gangrene - serious infection
What are the basic principles for applying a splint? - ANS>stop bone from damaging tissue; managing pain; controlling bleeding; preventing circulatory and nerve damage What is manual traction and when should it be used? - ANS>manual traction - pulling head into alignment What are signs and symptoms of a head injury? - ANS>headache, altered mental status, weakness, numbness, vision problems, not PEARL, loss of balance, nausea; deformity, pain, CS Fluid, not PEARL When is a jaw thrust maneuver appropriate? - ANS>no C-Spine concern What is a battle sign? - ANS>battle sign - bruising behind ears from blood pooling
