Firstly: How many Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface are there?
Divvy ‘em up
1
Cell-mediated
reactions
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Understanding Hypersensitivity Reactions: Anaphylaxis & More, Lecture notes of Cell Biology
A clear and concise overview of the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (Anaphylaxis), Type II (Cytotoxic), Type III (Immune-complex), and Type IV (Cell-mediated). Learn about the key differences between these reactions, the role of antibodies and immune cells, and common examples of each type.
What you will learn
- What are the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions?
- What are some common examples of each type of hypersensitivity reaction?
- What is the difference between Type II and Type III reactions?
- Which type of immune cell is involved in cell-mediated reactions?
- How does an anaphylactic reaction proceed?
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
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Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Cell-mediatedreactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Firstly: What is a
Cell-mediatedreactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Cell-mediatedreactions
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Cell-mediatedreactions
Cell-mediatedreactions
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Four? But I seem to recall from med school that there are
five
hypersensitivity reactions. What gives? There is a fifth, but it plays no role regarding the ocular surface
Type V?^ ^
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Cell-mediatedreactions
Before proceeding further, it should be noted that the conceptualization of 4(or 5) distinct hypersensitivity reactions is considered
outdated^ by modern
immunologists. In truth, most clinical conditions represent a blend of theproposed hypersensitivity mechanisms. That said, this framework forcategorizing hypersensitivity reactions persists in the literature, and thusfamiliarity with it remains an obligation of ophthos-in-training.
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Briefly, how does an anaphylactic reaction proceed?
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Briefly, how does an anaphylactic reaction proceed? The binding of antigen (Ag) to IgE receptors on mast cellscauses the cells to degranulate
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Briefly, how does an anaphylactic reaction proceed? The binding of antigen (Ag) to IgE receptors on mast cellscauses the cells to degranulate , with the subsequent release ofone wordhistamine and other pre-formed inflammatory mediators
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Briefly, how does an anaphylactic reaction proceed? The binding of antigen (Ag) to IgE receptors on mast cellscauses the cells to degranulate , with the subsequent release ofhistamine and other pre-formed inflammatory mediators Sounds fast. How long does it take to become clinically apparent?
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cell-mediatedreactions
Briefly, how does an anaphylactic reaction proceed? The binding of antigen (Ag) to IgE receptors on mast cellscauses the cells to degranulate , with the subsequent release ofhistamine and other pre-formed inflammatory mediators Sounds fast. How long does it take to become clinically apparent? Only minutes (which is why which is why this reaction is oftenreferred to as
immediate hypersensitivity
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…
Cytotoxic antibodies Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic Ab
Cell-mediatedreactions
Type I^
Type II^
Type III^
Type IV
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Ocular Surface
are there?
Divvy ‘em up
Type I reactions involve…
Anaphylaxis Type II reactions involve…
Cytotoxic antibodies Type III reactions involve
…Immune-complex reactions Type IV reactions involve
Immune-complexreactions
Immune-complexreactions Anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic Ab
Cell-mediatedreactions
Is the antibody (Ab) involved in Type II reactions IgE, as it is in Type I?