Download flashcard 8 | BIO 151 - Human Ecology and more Quizzes Social ecology in PDF only on Docsity!
The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ______ well being. Physical,mental and social TERM 2 Diseases usually develop in response to _____ factors. DEFINITION 2 nutritional and diet, infectious or toxic, physical, physhological stress (ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT) TERM 3 Morbidity is another word for DEFINITION 3 Illness TERM 4 Health organizations now use the _________, a tool to______ DEFINITION 4 DALY; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die TERM 5 Historically, the greatest treats to human health came from DEFINITION 5 Pathogenic organisms
______, rather than _____ are becoming the leading cause of the disability and premature death worldwide. Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease; infectious diseases such as malaria TERM 7 Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to DEFINITION 7 Malnutrition TERM 8 Diseases such as the recent outbreak of cholera and ebola are DEFINITION 8 all of these are characteristics of diseases such as cholera and ebola TERM 9 Hazardous substances _____ while toxins are____. DEFINITION 9 Are dangerous substances; poisonous substances TERM 10 Toxic substances are dangerous because they DEFINITION 10 React or interfere with specific cell function
Endocrine disruptors Disrupt normal hormone functions TERM 17 Radiation can act as a mutagen because it DEFINITION 17 Damages genetic material in cells TERM 18 Cardiovascular disease is strongly related to what dietary factors DEFINITION 18 High salt and fat intake TERM 19 Teratogens cause abnormal growth specifically in DEFINITION 19 embryos TERM 20 Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n) DEFINITION 20 Teratogen
Carcinogens are substances that cause Out of control cell growth and tumors TERM 22 A group of cells that grows extremely fast and begins to obstruct other cells' functions is known as DEFINITION 22 A malignant tumor TERM 23 Which of the following statements is true? DEFINITION 23 If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment TERM 24 Among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are DEFINITION 24 All the those TERM 25 If solubility is an important characteristics in toxic material movement in the environment - and body, which of the following statements is true? DEFINITION 25 Oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body
A chemical interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another is termed Synergism TERM 32 An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is DEFINITION 32 A trusted and usually reliable way to get results TERM 33 If 100 cups of strong coffee contain a lethal dose of caffeine, why don't coffee drinkers eventually die from caffeine overdoses? DEFINITION 33 Our bodies metabolize the caffeine before lethal concentrations are reached TERM 34 Our bodies minimize the effects of toxic compounds by all of the following except DEFINITION 34 Antagonistic reactions TERM 35 Which of the following tissues are more likely to develop cancers? DEFINITION 35 Skin, because there is a high cellular reproduction rate to replace injured cells
The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that Nearly anything can be toxic at some level TERM 37 Individuals represented by the middle of the dose/response curve (responding to doses of 20 ppm) are _________for that population. DEFINITION 37 About average in sensitivity TERM 38 The dose/response curve shows that DEFINITION 38 Some exposure is necessary before most individuals respond TERM 39 Individuals represented by the right end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 30 and 40 ppm) are ______ to the chemical. DEFINITION 39 Very insensitive TERM 40 Referring to the dose/response curve, the greatest number of individuals respond to this toxin at a dosage of _______ppm DEFINITION 40 20
Chronic effects of a toxin response Can last a long time or be permanent TERM 47 Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are_________ and _________. DEFINITION 47 Extrapolation of data to low doses;extrapolation of data from nonhuman species to humans TERM 48 Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon DEFINITION 48 The sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present TERM 49 Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon DEFINITION 49 Personal biases and preferences as well as logic TERM 50 Which of the following factors would explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby), but throws away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby)? DEFINITION 50 All of these factors can lead to the relatively irrational behavior demonstrated by the father
As a society, we usually focus attention on health risks that are Most well publicized and frightening TERM 52 Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least? DEFINITION 52 Including information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems TERM 53 The DALY combines premature deaths and loss of healthy lives resulting from illness or injury. DEFINITION 53 TRUE TERM 54 Pathogenic organisms are those that cause diseases. DEFINITION 54 TRUE TERM 55 Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by mosquitoes DEFINITION 55 TURE
