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Fluid || and || electrolyte || balance/acid || base ||
balance || BIO || 669 || Northern || Kentucky ||
University || exam || with || verified || solutions
aldosterone || is || influenced || by || what? || - || Correct || answer || ✔circulating || blood || volume, || blood || pressure, || plasma || concentrations || of || sodium || and || potassium what || is || released || when || circulating || blood || volume || of || BP || is || decreased || or || sodium || is || decreased || or || potassium || is || increased? || - || Correct || answer || ✔renin || is || secreted || and || released || by || the || kidneys renin || stimulates || the || release || of || what? || - || Correct || answer || ✔angiotensin water || balance || is || primarily || regulated || by || what? || - || Correct || answer || ✔antidiuretic || hormone || (ADH, || vasopressin) ADH || secretion || increases || what? || - || Correct || answer || ✔water || reabsorption || into || the || plasma what || are || thirst || receptors || called? || - || Correct || answer || ✔osmolality || receptors what || are || osmolality || receptors || stimulated || by? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hyperosmolality || and || plasma || volume || depletion volume || receptors || and || baroreceptors || stimulate || the || release || of || _______ || from || the || ______ || and || stimulate || thirst || due || to || fluid || loss || - || Correct || answer || ✔ADH; || pituitary || gland
if || sodium || levels || rise || too || much, || _____________ || will || be || stimulated || to || be || released || to || aid || in || the || retention || of || water || - || Correct || answer || ✔ADH an || isotonic || fluid || excess || is || called? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypervolemia Excessive || administration || of || IV || fluids || can || lead || to? || - || Correct || answer || ✔Hypervolemia Hypersecretion || of || aldosterone || can || lead || to? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypervolemia what || are || the || symptoms || of || hypervolemia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔distended || neck || veins, || increased || BP, || increased || hydrostatic || pressure || leading || to || edema || formation hypervolemia || is || treated || with? || - || Correct || answer || ✔diuretics aldosterone || enhances || the || loss || of____________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔potassium sodium || and || chloride || balance || is || maintained || by______________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔renin-angiotensin-aldosterone || system the || renin-angiotensin-aldosterone || system || controls || ______________ || retention || and || thus || volume/pressure || in || the || vascular || system || - || Correct || answer || ✔sodium the || renin-angiotensin-aldosterone || system || affects || __________________ || and || ___________ || release || - || Correct || answer || ✔vasomotor || tone; || ADH
Shallow || T || waves || and || U || waves || are || seen || on || and || EKG || in || ________________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypokalemia Insulin || promotes || cellular || uptake || of || potassium || and || insulin || administration || may || cause || ________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypokalemia || due || to || an || ECF || potassium || deficit Diabetic || ketoacidosis || causes || an || increase || in || hydrogen || ion || concentration || in || the || ECF || causing || ______________ || to || shift || into || the || cell || in || exchange || for || ________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hydrogen; || potassium what || are || they || clinical || manifestations || of || hypokalemia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔cardiac || and || neuromuscular || manifestations neuromuscular || excitability || decreases skeletal || muscle || weakness smooth || muscle || atony cardiac || dysrhythmias glucose || intolerance impaired || urinary || concentrating || ability hypokalemia || delays || the__________________ || phase || of || the || heart || - || Correct || answer || ✔repolarization what || cardiac || manifestations || might || be || seen || with || hypokalemia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔sinus || Brady AV || blocks PAF atrial || tach amplitude || of || T || waves || decreases
amplitude || of || U || waves || increases ST || segment || depression Increases || in || total || body || potassium || are || ____________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔rare what || are || common || causes || of || hyperkalemia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔increased || intake || of || potassium || a || shift || of || potassium || from || cells || to || the || ECF decreased || renal || excretion ACE || inhibitors, || angiotensin || receptor || blockers || and || aldosterone || antagonists || can || cause || a || decrease || in || the || renal || excretion || of || _____________ || leading || to || _____________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔potassium; || hyperkalemia ______________ || promotes || cellular || entry || of || potassium || - || Correct || answer || ✔insulin in || diabetic || ketoacidosis || there || is || a || ___________ || of || insulin || which || causes || ______________ ||
- || Correct || answer || ✔decrease; || hyperkalemia what || are || the || clinical || manifestations || of || hyperkalemia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔increased || neuromuscular || irritability || (restlessness, || intestinal || cramping, || diarrhea) muscle || weakness, || loss || of || muscle || tone narrow || and || tall || T || waves || with || a || shortened || QT || interval delayed || cardiac || conduction renal || disease, || massive || trauma, || insulin || deficiency, || Addison's || disease, || metabolic || acidosis || are || all || causes || for____________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hyperkalemia
what || are || common || causes || for || hyponatremia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔pure || sodium || loss low || sodium || intake dilution || hyponatremia cerebral || edema || and || increased || ICP || can || result || from_________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hyponatremia || ***LIFE || THREATENING what || are || symptoms || of || hyponatremia? || - || Correct || answer || ✔lethargy confusion decreased || reflexes seizures coma Syndrome || of || inappropriate || ADH || (SIDAH) || is || usually || caused || by || a || ___________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔tumor in || states || of || hyponatremia || or || elevated || bicarbonate || levels || (often || seen || in || metabolic || alkalosis) || you || would || expect || to || also || see__________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypochloremia potassium || is || the || major || ____________________ || cation || - || Correct || answer || ✔intracellular Potassium || concentrations || are || maintained || by || the || ______________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔sodium || potassium || pump changes || in || pH || affect || _______________ || balance || - || Correct || answer || ✔potassium during || acidosis || hydrogen || ions || accumulate || in || the || _______________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔ICF
when || hydrogen || accumulates || in || the || ICF || _____________ || shifts || out || of || the || cell || resulting || in || __________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hyperkalemia __________________, || ____________________, || and || ________________ || influence || potassium || levels || - || Correct || answer || ✔aldosterone insulin epinephrine Calcium || and || phosphate || concentrations || are || controlled || by || _______________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔parathyroid || hormone vitamin || D calcitonin hypocalcemia || is || caused || by || _____________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔inadequate || intestinal || absorption || deposition || of || ionized || calcium || into || bone || or || soft || tissue || decreases || in || PTH || and || vitamin || D tingling, || muscle || spasm, || intestinal || cramping || and || hyperactive || bowel || sounds || are || a || result || of || increased || neuromuscular || excitability || which || occurs || with_______________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypocalcemia venous || obstructions, || Na || and || H2O || retention || can || cause || a || ___________________________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔increase || in || capillary || hydrostatic || pressure || leading || to || edema
Baroreceptors || (detect || low || BP) what || gland || is || responsible || for || the || release || of || ADH? || - || Correct || answer || ✔posterior || pituitary what || are || the || functions || of || aldosterone? || - || Correct || answer || ✔to || preserve || sodium increase || plasma || volume || and || BP and || excrete || potassium What || is || the || function || of || naturitic || peptides: || - || Correct || answer || ✔opposite || of || aldosterone. kidneys || increase || sodium increase || urine || production decrease || plasma || sodium || levels || and || BP || inhibits || the || renin || system || and || sodium || reabsorption || GFR || is || increased during || acidosis || potassium || is || exchanged || for || _________ || in || the || cell || - || Correct || answer || ✔hydrogen what || structure || in || the || body || senses || osmolality || changes? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hypothalamus what || is || the || function || of || ACE || inhibitors? || - || Correct || answer || ✔helps || decrease || BP || by || decreasing || aldosterone, || sodium || and || water || volume where || is || aldosterone || secreted? || - || Correct || answer || ✔adrenal || cortex
if || hydrogen || levels || are || high, || the || pH || is___________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔low || (acidic) if || hydrogen || levels || are || low || in || number, || the || pH || is || ________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔high || (alkaline) what || three || major || parts || of || the || body || are || involved || in || regulating || the || acid-base || balance? || - || Correct || answer || ✔kidneys, || lungs || and || bones the || end || products || of || protein, || carbs, || and || fat || metabolism || create || _______________ || - || Correct || answer || ✔Body || acids || (acids || release || hydrogen || ions) what || are || volatile || acids? || - || Correct || answer || ✔can || be || eliminated || as || carbon || dioxide do || not || easily || release || hydrogen || ions what || are || non || volatile || acids? || - || Correct || answer || ✔eliminated || by || kidney || strong || acids release || hydrogen || ions || easily what || type || of || acid || is || carbonic || acid? || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || volatile || acid || (does || not || release || its || hydrogen || easily) sulfuric || acid, || phosphoric || acid || and || other || organic || acids || are || examples || of || __________ || acids ||
- || Correct || answer || ✔nonvolatile what || is || a || buffering || system? || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || buffer || is || a || chemical || that || can || bind || excessive || hydrogen || or || hydroxyl || without || a || significant || change || in || pH
besides || the || carbonic-bicarbonate || pair, || what || are || two || other || buffering || systems? || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || protein || buffering || system renal || buffering || system carbon || dioxide || is || an || important || molecule || produced || through || many || metabolic || processes. || in || order || to || remove || excess || CO2 || the || body || transports || of || the || CO2 || in || the || blood || in || the || form || of || - || Correct || answer || ✔bicarbonate How || does || the || renal || system || excrete || acid? || - || Correct || answer || ✔sodium || potassium || exchange || (hydrogen || in || pumped || out || of || the || cell || and || excreted) combines || hydrogen || with || phosphate || which || is || then || excreted || in || urine hydrogen || can || be || combined || with || ammonia || which || forms || ammonium || which || is || then || excreted || in || the || urine why || is || arterial || blood || gases || higher || than || venous || blood || gases? || - || Correct || answer || ✔there || is || less || bicarbonate || carried || in || arterial || blood in || respiratory || acidosis || how || do || the || kidneys || attempt || to || compensate? || - || Correct || answer || ✔by || retaining || bicarbonate what || type || of || breathing || might || be || seen || in || patients || with || ketoacidosis? || - || Correct || answer || ✔kussmal || breathing- || trying || to || compensate || and || raise || pH what || effect || do || local || infections || have || on || local || anesthetics? || - || Correct || answer || ✔local || infections || are || acidotic, || this || increases || the || ionized || drug || formation || (less || drug || is || able || to || penetrate || across || membrane || and || bind || to || intracellular || local || anesthetic || receptor)
what || are || the || signs || and || symptoms || fo || metabolic || alkalosis? || - || Correct || answer || ✔weakness muscle || cramps hyperactive || reflexes tetany confusion convulsions atrial || tachycardia shallow || an || slow || respirations what || are || the || clinical || manifestations || of || respiratory || acidosis? || - || Correct || answer || ✔headache blurred || vision breathlessness restlessness apprehension disorientation tremors convulsions coma how || does || an || increase || in || capillary || hydrostatic || pressure || cause || edema? || - || Correct || answer || ✔hydrostatic || pressure || increases || as || a || result || of || venous || obstruction || or || salt || and || water || retention. || venous || obstruction || causes || hydrostatic || pressure || to || increase || behind || the || obstruction, || pushing || fluid || out || of || the || capillaries || and || into || the || interstitial || spaces, || thereby || causing || edema how || does || decrease || in || capillary || oncotic || pressure || cause || edema? || - || Correct || answer || ✔lost || or || diminished || plasma || albumin || production || contributes || to || a || decreased || plasma || oncotic || pressure. || the || decreased || oncotic || attraction || of || fluid || within || the || capillaries || causes || capillary ||
