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- Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Practice Test
A nurse is asked to assess a patient for fluid volume deficit. The patient reports that he has lost 10kg of tolal body weight in the last 48 hours duc to vomiting and diarrhea. Based on the relationship between volume and weight, about how much fluid has this patient lost? a. 1 liter of fluid b. 5 liters of fhud ¢. 10 liters of fluid d. 15 liters of Muid- ANSWER-c. 10 livers of fluid The nurse has been assigned to an adult patient with isotonic fluid volume deficit and performing her shift assessment on the patient. The nurse can anticipate which clinical findings? (select all that apply) a. Hypotension b. Flat neck veins when supine ¢. Confusion d. Low urine output e. Slow, thready pulse - ANSWER-a. Hypotension b. Flat neck veins when supine d. Low urine output A patient has developed neurologic manifestations related to hypertonic fluid volume deficit. The nurse is aware that these manifestations are caused by what underlying problem? a. Decreased serum osmolality causes water to shift out of brain cells by osmosis b. Decreased intracellular osmolality causes water to shift into the brain cells by osmosis c. Increased intracellular osmolality causes sodium to shift into the brain cells by osmosis d. Increased serum osmolality causes water to shift out of brain cells by osmosis - ANSWER-d. Increased serum osmolality causes water to shift out of brain cells by osmosis The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume deficit (FVD). Which clinical manifestation would suggest that the patient is experiencing hypertonic FVD? a. Hypotension b. Oliguria c. The patient has become confused d. Dry mucous membranes - ANSWER-c. The patient has become confused During the morning patient assessment, the nurse finds bounding peripheral pulses and jugular venous distention. The nurse is aware thal. these are clinical manifestations caused by what lype of fluid imbalance? a. Increased interstitial fluids culating volume d intracellular volume sd transcellular volume - ANSWER. Increased circulating volume d. Edematous tissue is quite fragile e. Increased circulating plasma proteins are a major cause - ANSWER-a. Caused by excessive fluid in the interstitial space c. Dependent edema occurs in the sacral area of patient on bedrest d. Edematous tissue is quite fragile The nurse suspects that a patient has developed a hypertonic fluid volume deficit from receiving a large volume of hypertonic IV fluids. The nurse should expect to see which lab test result? (select all that apply) a. Decreased urine specific gravity b. Decreased hematocrit levels ¢. Increased BUN and creatinine d. Low RBC count c. Elevated serum osmolality - ANSWER-c. Increased BUN and creaunine e. Elevated serum osmolality what (select The nurse is admitting a patient with a fluid imbalance. During the patient interview ions would be appropriate for the nurse Lo ask 1o obtain fhud balance information? que: all that apply) . "What type of fiber-containing food do you eat during a typical day?" 2 b. "Have you lost or gained weight recently?” c. “Do you have a history of renal disease or diabetes mellitus? d. "Have you noticed swelling of your hands and fort?" e. "Do you have any food allergies?" - ANSWERb. "Have you lost or gained weig c. "Do you have a history of renal disease or diabetes mellitus?" d. “Have you noticed swelling of your hands and feet?" An acutely ill patient is brought into the urgent treatment center by a family member. Which patient assessments would suggest a significant fluid volume deficit? (select all that apply) a. Hypertension b. Elevated serum BUN and creatinine c. Rapid, weak, thready pulse d. Weight loss of 0.3 kg over the past 2 days c. Dry, cracked lips and furrows on the tongue - ANSWER-b. Elovaled scrum BUN and ercatinine c. Rapid, weak, thready pulse e. Dry, cracked lips and furrows on the tongue A patient with vomiting and diarrhea has developed rapid onset isotonic fluid volume deficit. The patient can be expected to have which lab data results? (select all that apply) a. Elevated RBC b. Increased BUN and creatinine c. Low serum osmolality d. Decreased urine specific gravity e. Decreased urine osmolality - ANSWER-a. Elevated RBC b. Increased BUN and creatinine b. Weak, thready pulse c. Lightheadedness d. Sunken fontanel in an infant - ANSWEF-a. Decreased skin turgor A patient has developed fluid volume excess. The nurse is aware that the increase in the patient's interstitial fluids can lead to which manifestations? a. Confusion b. Dependent edema c. Bounding peripheral pulses d. Jugnlar vein dislension - ANSWEF-b. Dependent edema The nurse notes that an assigned adult patient has experienced a 5% weight gain over the last 24 hours. Taking the patient's data into consideration, the nurse concludes that it is fluid weight gain. What degree of excess docs this pationt have? a. Mild PVE b. Moderate FVE c. Moderately sever FVE ere PVE - ANSWER-b. Moderate FVE Match the clinical manifostations in thoir fluid oxcess calogory a. Edoma of the ankles and foot b. Bounding peripheral pulses and hypertension c. Shortness of breath, cough 1. increased circulating fluid volume 2. pulmonary cellular edema 3. increased interstitial fluid volume - ANSWEF-a. Edema of the ankles and feet - increased interstitial fluid volume b. Bounding peripheral pulses and hypertension - increased circulating fluid volume c. Shortness of breath, cough - pulmonary cellular edema Anurse is obtaining a health history on a newly admitted patient. Which patient responses should alert the nurse to the possibility of a fluid volume imbalance? a. Weight loss of 5 kg over the past month b. Weight gain of 2 kg since yesterday morning c. Loss of appetite for the past few weeks d. Occasional headaches - ANSWER. Weight gain of 2 kg since yesterday morning The nurse is assessing a 33-year-old patient who is at risk for developing fluid volume excess. Which data would support the presence of FVE in an adult patient? a. Weak thready pulse b. Weight loss of 1 kg since yesterday c. Poor skin turgor d. Crackles auscultated in lung bases - ANSWER-d. Crackles auscultated in hing bases
