Download forensic final exam flash cards | BIOL 245 - Introduction Forensic Science and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Fingerprint ridges are surface reflections of the ________ (specific skin structural feature). Dermal papillae TERM 2 In humans, genes are positioned along fiber- like strands known as _______ DEFINITION 2 chromosomes TERM 3 In some state courts, for a positive identification, ____fingerprint points must match, out of a total of ___ (# of minutiae per print). DEFINITION 3 8-16 150 TERM 4 To develop fingerprints on a mirror surface, one should use ____ because _____ DEFINITION 4 Gray Powder Mirrors photograph black TERM 5 Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on absorbent surfaces are _____ and _____ DEFINITION 5 ninhydrin iodine fuming
Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on non-absorbent surfaces are ___ and _____ Powders cyanoacrylate fuming TERM 7 The most definitive way to demonstrate that a sexual assault has taken place is to identify the presence of ____ DEFINITION 7 sperm cells TERM 8 Three organs that contribute to the composition of seminal fluid are _____,______, and ________ DEFINITION 8 bulbo-urethral gland prostate gland seminal vesicle TERM 9 A colorimetric test for the ___ produced by the ____ can be used as a presumptive test for seminal fluid. DEFINITION 9 enzyme phosphatase (it is an enzyme) prostate gland TERM 10 The Florence Test is a microcrystalline test for ____, which provides presumptive evidence of
DEFINITION 10 Chlorine semen
The ninhydrin reagent is used for __________________. Draw the structure of the ninhydrin molecule: identifying amino acids in sweat TERM 17 An ulnar loop on the right middle finger can be identified________________ DEFINITION 17 by the opening towards the little finger. A loop must have one or more ridges entering from one side of the print re- curving and then exiting the same side. TERM 18 The secretions of ____ glands can be detected by the ninhydrin reagent. DEFINITION 18 sweat TERM 19 At a crime scene an example of a visible print might be _____. DEFINITION 19 in blood TERM 20 A secretor is __________________ DEFINITION 20 an individual who release blood typing antigens A, B, O, Rh in their bodily fluids.
DNA fragments were separated in ___ such that, after electrophoresis the fragments that remained closer to the well were known to be ___ compared to the fragments that migrated farther from the well. Agarose gel (type of gel) Farther TERM 22 If a fresh blood sample is found to clump/agglutinate both washed, purified Type A and Type B cells, the fresh bloodsample is Type____ DEFINITION 22 Type O TERM 23 In gel electrophoresis, the driving force for the separation of mixtures of molecules is
DEFINITION 23 electrical energy TERM 24 The possible genotypes of the offspring resulting from a mating of a Type AB father and a Type AB mother _________ DEFINITION 24 are AA, AB, BA, BB offspring TERM 25 The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ____ and base C to ____ DEFINITION 25 A to T C to G
Genotypes for the MN blood typing system are easy to obtain because the alleles are ______. codominant TERM 32 The products of the genes of the MN and Rh blood typing systems are_________________________ DEFINITION 32 genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells. The MN and Rh genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells. TERM 33 The product of the Type A allele is ___ or ____ DEFINITION 33 AA or AO TERM 34 The four nucleotide building blocks of DNA are ,,____ and ____. DEFINITION 34 Adenylic acid, Guanylic acid, Cytidylic acid, Thymidylic acid TERM 35 Briefly describe the structure of the hereditary molecule that governs each individuals characteristics: ________. DEFINITION 35 The structure of a DNA molecule is a sugar and phosphate backbone and a nitrogen containing bases that connect the two strands with nucleotides. The shape of the polymer is a double helix. Hydrogen bonds between the bases to keep the strands together.
Define: Base Pair
the specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in a double stranded DNA TERM 37 Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which together contain _______ (# of building blocks) DEFINITION 37 3.1 billion nucleotides TERM 38 Define: Gene DEFINITION 38 the fundamental unit of heredity. It instructs the body cells to make proteins that determine everything like hair color and disease. TERM 39 Define: Allele, give an example and explain DEFINITION 39 Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes; for example, the genes determining the blood types A and B are Alleles. TERM 40 The use of polymorphic forensic markers is important because _______ DEFINITION 40 Polymorphic means many alleles in the population, which divides the human population into smaller and smaller groups.
Define: STR Multiplexing a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis TERM 47 Define: Allelic Ladder DEFINITION 47 contains every known allele for each forensic locus TERM 48 In the analysis of the blood collected at the murder scene of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman, the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in the African American Population A 26% EsD 1 85% PGM 2+2- 2% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors among the African American population? Show your calculations. DEFINITION 48 0.26 x 0.85 x 0.02 = 0. TERM 49 A fresh blood sample of blood type O would agglutinate purified blood cells of type ___ and ___.______ DEFINITION 49 type A and B TERM 50 The proper storage of suspected seminal stains from a sexual assault crime scene is ______. DEFINITION 50 first drying it out of the sun and then putting it in sterile paper bag to prevent microbial growth.
Blood stained evidence from a crime scene should be kept out of direct sunlight because (be specific)______. the DNA degrades in sunlight. TERM 52 Forensic DNA markers must be inherited independently of each other because __________. DEFINITION 52 Independent inheritance allows application of the product rule for multiplication of allele frequencies. TERM 53 In forensic analysis, multiplexing means __________________. DEFINITION 53 a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis. TERM 54 In forensic STR DNA analysis, the forensic alleles are separated according to the number of times the STR repeats and________. DEFINITION 54 thus, according to length. TERM 55 Four specific CODIS loci are ____ ,_____ ,____ and ____. DEFINITION 55 FGA TH01 TPOX vWA
Two characteristics of the primers used in STR DNA profiling are ________. short sequences of 18 to 30 bp and bind at a unique sequence in the human genome TERM 62 The secretions of the sebaceous glands can be detected by _____. DEFINITION 62 iodine fuming - Iodine reacts with oils from fatty acids found on hairy parts of the body. TERM 63 Non-coding sequences make up _____ % of the total human genome. DEFINITION 63
TERM 64 In the analysis of the blood collected at a murder scene the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in relevant Population A 26% AK-2 7% Rh negative 14% TH01 3% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors in the relevant population? Show your calculations. DEFINITION 64 0.27 x 0.07 x 0.14 x 0.03= 7.938 e-
