Formula sheet for chemistry, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

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Formula and data book

Chemistry v1.

Formulas

Processing of data

Chemical reactions — reactants, products and energy change

Aqueous solutions and acidity

Chemical equilibrium systems

List of elements^ Name

Atomic no.

Symbol

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

Beryllium

Be

Boron

B

Carbon

C

Nitrogen

N

Oxygen

O

Fluorine

F

Neon

Ne

Sodium

Na

Magnesium

Mg

Aluminium

Al

Silicon

Si

Phosphorus

P

Sulfur

S

Chlorine

Cl

Argon

Ar

Potassium

K

Calcium

Ca

Scandium

Sc

Titanium

Ti

Vanadium

V

Chromium

Cr

Manganese

Mn

Iron

Fe

Cobalt

Co

Nickel

Ni

Copper

Cu

Zinc

Zn

Name

Atomic no.

Symbol

Gallium

Ga

Germanium

Ge

Arsenic

As

Selenium

Se

Bromine

Br

Krypton

Kr

Rubidium

Rb

Strontium

Sr

Yttrium

Y

Zirconium

Zr

Niobium

Nb

Molybdenum

Mo

Technetium

Tc

Ruthenium

Ru

Rhodium

Rh

Palladium

Pd

Silver

Ag

Cadmium

Cd

Indium

In

Tin

Sn

Antimony

Sb

Tellurium

Te

Iodine

I

Xenon

Xe

Cesium

Cs

Barium

Ba

Lanthanum

La

Cerium

Ce

Praseodymium

Pr

Neodymium

Nd

Name

Atomic no.

Symbol

Promethium

Pm

Samarium

Sm

Europium

Eu

Gadolinium

Gd

Terbium

Tb

Dysprosium

Dy

Holmium

Ho

Erbium

Er

Thulium

Tm

Ytterbium

Yb

Lutetium

Lu

Hafnium

Hf

Tantalum

Ta

Tungsten

W

Rhenium

Re

Osmium

Os

Iridium

Ir

Platinum

Pt

Gold

Au

Mercury

Hg

Thallium

Tl

Lead

Pb

Bismuth

Bi

Polonium

Po

Astatine

At

Radon

Rn

Francium

Fr

Radium

Ra

Actinium

Ac

Thorium

Th

Name

Atomic no.

Symbol

Protactinium

Pa

Uranium

U

Neptunium

Np

Plutonium

Pu

Americium

Am

Curium

Cm

Berkelium

Bk

Californium

Cf

Einsteinium

Es

Fermium

Fm

Mendelevium

Md

Nobelium

No

Lawrencium

Lr

Rutherfordium

Rf

Dubnium

Db

Seaborgium

Sg

Bohrium

Bh

Hassium

Hs

Meitnerium

Mt

Darmstadtium

Ds

Roentgenium

Rg

Copernicium

Cn

Nihonium

Nh

Flerovium

Fl

Moscovium

Mc

Livermorium

Lv

Tennessine

Ts

Oganesson

Og

Periodic table of the elements

H 1.

H 1.

He 4.

Li 6.

Be 9.

B 10.

C 12.

N 14.

O 16.

F 19.

Ne 20.

Na 22.

Mg 24.

Al 26.

Si 28.

P 30.

S 32.

Cl 35.

Ar 39.

K 39.

Ca 40.

Sc 44.

Ti 47.

V 50.

Cr 52.

Mn 54.

Fe 55.

Co 58.

Ni 58.

Cu 63.

Zn 65.

Ga 69.

Ge 72.

As 74.

Se 78.

Br 79.

Kr 83.

Rb 85.

Sr 87.

Y 88.

Zr 91.

Nb 92.

Mo 95.

Tc (98.91)

Ru 101.

Rh 102.

Pd 106.

Ag 107.

Cd 112.

In 114.

Sn 118.

Sb 121.

Te 127.

I 126.

Xe 131.

Cs 132.

Ba 137.

Lantha-^ noids

Hf 178.

Ta 180.

W 183.

Re 186.

Os 190.

Ir 192.

Pt 195.

Au 196.

Hg 200.

Tl 204.

Pb 207.

Bi 208.

Po (210.0)

At (210.0)

Rn (222.0)

Fr (223.0)

Ra (226.1)

Acti- noids

Rf (261.1)

Db (262.1)

Sg (263.1)

Bh (264.1)

Hs (265.1)

Mt (268)

Ds (281)

Rg (272)

Cn (285)

Nh (284)

Fl (289)

Mc (288)

Lv (293)

Ts (294)

Og (294)

La 138.

Ce 140.

Pr 140.

Nd 144.

Pm (146.9)

Sm 150.

Eu 151.

Gd 157.

Tb 158.

Dy 162.

Ho 164.

Er 167.

Tm 168.

Yb 173.

Lu 174.

Ac (227.0)

Th 232.

Pa 231.

U 238.

Np (237.0)

Pu (239.1)

Am (241.1)

Cm (244.1)

Bk (249.1)

Cf (252.1)

Es (252.1)

Fm (252.1)

Md (258.1)

No (259.1)

Lr (262.1)

1

Atomic number Symbol Relative atomic mass*

Groups are numbered according to IUPAC convention 1–18. *Values in brackets are for the isotope with the longest half-life.

Electronegativities and first ionisation energies of selected elements

H 2.2 1318

H^ 2.2 1318

He 2379

Li 1.0 526

Be^ 1.6 906

B 2.0 807

C 2.6 1093

N 3.0 1407

O 3.4 1320

F 4.0 1687

Ne 2087

Na^ 0.9^502

Mg^ 1.3^744

Al^ 1.6 584

Si 1.9 793

P 2.2 1018

S 2.6 1006

Cl 3.2 1257

Ar 1527

K 0.8 425

Ca^ 1.0^596

Sc^ 1.4 637

Ti 1.5 664

V 1.6 656

Cr^ 1.7^659

Mn^ 1.6^724

Fe^ 1.8 766

Co^ 1.9 765

Ni^ 1.9 743

Cu^ 1.9^752

Zn^ 1.7^913

Ga^ 1.8^585

Ge^ 2.0^768

As^ 2.2^953

Se^ 2.6 947

Br^ 3.0 1146

Kr^ 2.9 1357

Rb^ 0.8^409

Sr^ 1.0 556

Y 1.2 606

Zr^ 1.3 666

Nb^ 1.6^670

Mo^ 2.2^691

Tc^ 1.9 708

Ru^ 2.2^717

Rh^ 2.3^726

Pd^ 2.2^811

Ag^ 1.9^737

Cd^ 1.7^874

In^ 1.8 565

Sn^ 2.0^715

Sb^ 2.1 840

Te^ 2.1 876

I 2.7 1015

Xe^ 2.6 1177

Cs^ 0.8 382

Ba^ 0.9 509

1

Atomic number Symbol Electronegativity First ionisation enthalpies (kJ mol

Groups are numbered according to IUPAC convention 1–18.

Solubility of selected compounds at 298 K

bromide carbonate chloride hydroxide iodide nitrate oxide phosphate sulfate aluminium s s i s s i i s ammonium (^) s s s s s s s s barium s i s s s s s i i calcium s i s p s s p i p cobalt(II) s i s i s s i i s copper(II) s s i i s i i s iron(II) (^) s i s i s s i i s iron(III) s s i s s i i s lead(II) p i s i i s i i i lithium s s s s s s s s magnesium s i s i s s i p s manganese(II) s i s i s s i p s potassium s s s s s s s s s silver i i i i i s i i p sodium s s s s s s s s s zinc s i s i s s i i s

Key

Abbreviation Explanation s soluble in water (solubility greater than 10 g L–^1 ) p partially soluble in water (solubility between 1 and 10 g L–1) i insoluble in water (solubility less than 1 g L–1) no data

Reactivity series of metals

Element Reactivity K most reactive Na Li Ba Sr Ca Mg Al C* Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H 2 * Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Au Pt least reactive *Carbon (C) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) added for comparison.

Standard electrode potentials at 298 K

• –3. Oxidised species Reduced species E ° (V)
• –2.
• –2.
• –2.
• –2.
• –2.
• –1.
• –1.
• –0.
• –0.
• –0.
• –0.
• –0.
• –0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +0.
• +1.
• +1.
• +1.
• +1.
• +1.
• +2.

Common amino acids

Common name (symbol)^ Structural formula isoelectric^ pH of point

Alanine (Ala)

H

C

O

CH 3

H 2 N C OH 6.

Asparagine (Asn) (^) C O NH (^2)

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Cysteine (Cys) SH

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH 5.

Glutamine (Gln) CH (^2) C O NH (^2)

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Histidine (His) N NH

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Common name (symbol)^ Structural formula isoelectric^ pH of point

Arginine (Arg)

CH 2

CH 2

NH

NH 2

C NH

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Aspartic acid (Asp) OH

C O

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Glutamic acid (Glu)

H

C

O

CH 2

OH

C O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Glycine (Gly)

H

C

O

H

H 2 N C OH 6.

Isoleucine (Ile)

H

C

O

CHCH 3

CH 2

CH 3

H 2 N C OH

Continues on the next page

Common name (symbol)^ Structural formula isoelectric^ pH of point

Leucine (Leu) (^) CHCH (^3) CH (^3)

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Methionine (Met)

H

C

O

CH 2

CH 2

CH 3

S

H 2 N C OH

Proline (Pro)

O

C OH

HN^ 6.

Threonine (Thr)

H

C

O

CHOH

CH 3

H 2 N C OH 5.

Tyrosine (Tyr)

H

C

O

CH 2

OH

H 2 N C OH

Common name (symbol)^ Structural formula isoelectric^ pH of point

Lysine (Lys) CHCH^2

H

C

O

CH 2

CH 2

NH 2

H 2 N C OH

Phenylalanine (Phe)

H

C

O

CH 2

H 2 N C OH

Serine (Ser)

H

C

O

CH 2

OH

H 2 N C OH 5.

Tryptophan (Trp)

H

C

O

CH 2

HN

H 2 N C OH

Valine (Val)

H

C

O

CHCH 3

CH 3

H 2 N C OH 6.

Formulas and charges for common polyatomic ions

Anions Cations acetate (ethanoate) ammonium carbonate hydronium chlorate chlorite chromate citrate cyanide dichromate dihydrogen phosphate hypochlorite hydrogen carbonate hydrogen sulfate hydrogen phosphate hydroxide nitrate nitrite perchlorate permanganate peroxide phosphate sulfate sulfite thiosulfate

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