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Antietam National Battlefield: Significance, Resources, and Values, Schemes and Mind Maps of History of War

The antietam national battlefield in maryland is a historically significant site where over 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing during the bloodiest single-day battle in american history. The importance of the battlefield, its resources and values, and its purpose to preserve, protect, restore, and interpret the site for the public. The battlefield contains fundamental resources and values such as the 1862 battlefield landscape, antietam national cemetery, commemorative landscape, and solemnity of the site. Other important resources and values include museum collections, archeological resources, witness trees, and the antietam creek watershed.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

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Foundation Document Overview
Antietam National Battlefield
Maryland
Contact Information
For more information about the Antietam National Battlefield Foundation Document,
contact: anti_superintendent@nps.gov or 301-432-7648 or write to:
Superintendent, Antietam National Battlefield, P.O. Box 158, Sharpsburg, MD 21782
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
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Foundation Document Overview

Antietam National Battlefield

Maryland

Contact Information

For more information about the Antietam National Battlefield Foundation Document,

contact: anti_superintendent@nps.gov or 301-432-7648 or write to:

Superintendent, Antietam National Battlefield, P.O. Box 158, Sharpsburg, MD 21782

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Significance statements express why Antietam National

Battlefield resources and values are important enough to merit

national park unit designation. Statements of significance

describe why an area is important within a global, national,

regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked

to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data,

research, and consensus. Significance statements describe

the distinctive nature of the park and inform management

decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the

most important resources and values of the park unit.

  • Antietam National Battlefield is the site where more than

23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing—the

bloodiest single-day battle in American history.

  • The result of the Battle of Antietam provided President

Abraham Lincoln with the opportunity to issue the

preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which elevated the

purpose of the war to include abolishing slavery.

  • The high level of landscape integrity at Antietam evokes a

powerful sense of place that allows visitors to make personal

connections to the battle and to its participants.

  • The photographs taken at Antietam within days after the

battle were the first to publicly display the carnage and

horrors of the American Civil War.

  • The Confederate retreat from Maryland following the Battle

of Antietam ended the Army of Northern Virginia’s first

invasion of the North and had a significant impact on the

momentum, morale, and politics of the American Civil War.

  • Antietam National Cemetery, dedicated in 1867 as the

final resting place for Union soldiers who fell at Antietam,

continues to serve as a memorial to honor military sacrifice.

  • The commemorative landscape at Antietam National

Battlefield illustrates America’s evolving values and views on

the Civil War.

Purpose Significance

The purpose of A ntietAm nAtionAl

BAttlefield is to preserve, protect,

restore, and interpret for the

benefit of the public the resources

associated with the Battle of

Antietam and its legacy.

Mumma Farmhouse

Miller Farmhouse

J. Poffenberger Farmhouse

A. Poffenberger Farmhouse

Roulette Farmhouse

Piper Farmhouse

Newcomer Farmhouse

Parks Farmhouse

Otto Farmhouse

Sherrick Farmhouse

To 70 and Hagerstown

To and Boonsboro

ALT 40

Maryland Monument

Hawkins’ Zouaves Monument

SHARPSBURG

N I C O D E M U S
H E I G H T S
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Mumma Cemetery

Picnic area

Lodge

J. Poffenberger Farm

Observation Tower

Georgians Overlook

No wheeled vehicles, including bicycles, allowed on Snavelys Ford Trail. (^) Snavelys Ford Trail

Final Attack Trail

Sherrick Farm Trail

Three Farms Trail

Union Advance Trail

Cornfield Trail

West Woods Trail

Bloody Lane Trail

Site of Lee’s Headquarters

Pry House Medical Museum (McClellan’s 1 Headquarters)

Dunker

Church

North

Woods

West

Woods

East

Woods

Cornfield

Mumma Farm

Antietam

National

Cemetery

Final

Attack

Sunken Road

(Bloody Lane)

Lower Bridge

(Burnside Bridge)

Union Advance

Upper Bridge

Pry Ford

Snavelys Ford

Site of Middle Bridge

Visitor Center

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A N T I E T A M

N A T I O N A L

B A T T L E F I E L D

Tour stop and tour route

Trail

Historic building, closed to public

Restrooms

Relic hunting is prohibited.

North

0.5 Mile

0.5 Kilometer

Antietam National Battlefield was established in 1890 to

commemorate the bloodiest single-day battle in American

history. The battlefield was initially administered by the U.S.

War Department. The Battle of Antietam, or Sharpsburg as

it was referred to in the South, began at dawn on September

17, 1862. About 40,000 troops of the Confederate Army of

Northern Virginia under the command of General Robert E.

Lee fought against 80,000 troops of the Federal Army of the

Potomac commanded by General George McClellan.

At day’s end, more than 23,000 soldiers were dead, wounded,

or missing. The commemorative landscape at Antietam

National Battlefield includes monuments; roadways,

fences, curbing, the observation tower, and other associated

features established by the War Department; tablets

documenting troop movements and artillery locations.

Antietam is considered one of the best-preserved Civil War

areas in the national park system. The farms and farmlands in

and near the battlefield appear much as they did on the eve of

the battle in 1862.

The battlefield is in a rural area of south Washington County,

Maryland; agriculture is the predominant land use. Antietam

attracts approximately 350,000 visitors per year. The 11-stop

automobile tour takes visitors through areas of historical

interest, tracing troop movements, interpreting battle tactics

and military strategy, and relating human interest stories.

Additional interpretation is provided at the visitor center.

According to many historians, the Battle of Antietam was

a major turning point in the American Civil War. Although

neither side could claim victory at battle’s end, Lee’s failure

to effectively carry the war into the North allowed President

Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

and caused Great Britain to postpone recognition of the

Confederacy. From that time onward the American

Civil War had a dual purpose— to preserve the Union and

abolish slavery.

Description