Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Systematics

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UNIT 5

Foundations of Business Intelligence:

Databases and Information

Management

Syllabus

• Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment,
• Major Capabilities of Database Management Systems
• Using Databases

-To Improve Business Performance and Decision Making, --Managing Data Resources

-Telecommunications,

• **The internet, and Wireless Technology:
• Principles Components of Telecommunications Network & Ket Networking Technologies,**
• Different types of networks,
• principle technologies and standards for wireless networking,
• communication,
• internet access

What is Data?

• Data is a collection of a distinct small unit of information. It can be used in a variety of forms like text, numbers, media, bytes, etc. it can be stored in pieces of paper or electronic memory, etc.
• Word 'Data' is originated from the word 'datum' that means 'single piece of information.' It is plural of the word datum.
• In computing, Data is information that can be translated into a form for efficient movement and processing.
• What is Database?
• A database is an organized collection of data, so that it can be easily accessed and managed.

Different types of database

• There are many databases available like

MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, MongoDB, Informix,

PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.

• Hierarchical Data Model
• 1968-1980 was the era of the Hierarchical

Database. Prominent hierarchical database

model was IBM's first DBMS.

• It was called IMS (Information Management

System).

• In this model, files are related in a

parent/child manner.

• Below diagram represents Hierarchical Data

Model. Small circle represents objects.

• Like file system, this model also had some

limitations like complex implementation, lack

structural independence, can't easily handle a

many-many relationship, etc.

Network data model

• Charles Bachman developed the first DBMS at Honeywell called Integrated Data Store (IDS). It was developed in the early 1960s, but it was standardized in 1971 by the CODASYL group (Conference on Data Systems Languages).
• In this model, files are related as owners and members, like to the common network model.
• Network data model identified the following components:
• Network schema (Database organization)
• Sub-schema (views of database per user)
• Data management language (procedural)
• This model also had some limitations like system complexity and difficult to design and maintain.

Cloud database

• Cloud database facilitates you to store, manage, and retrieve their structured, unstructured data via a cloud platform. This data is accessible over the Internet. Cloud databases are also called a database as service (DBaaS) because they are offered as a managed service.
• Some best cloud options are:
• AWS (Amazon Web Services)
• Snowflake Computing
• Oracle Database Cloud Services
• Microsoft SQL server
• Google cloud spanner

• Advantages of cloud database
• Lower costs
• Generally, company provider does not have to invest in databases. It can maintain and support one or more data centers.
• Automated
• Cloud databases are enriched with a variety of automated processes such as recovery, failover, and auto-scaling.
• Increased accessibility
• You can access your cloud-based database from any location, anytime. All you need is just an internet connection.

Advantage of NoSQL

• High Scalability
• NoSQL can handle an extensive amount of data

because of scalability. If the data grows, NoSQL database scale it to handle that data in an efficient manner.

• High Availability
• NoSQL supports auto replication. Auto replication

makes it highly available because, in case of any failure, data replicates itself to the previous consistent state.

Disadvantage of NoSQL

• Open source
• NoSQL is an open-source database, so there is no reliable standard for NoSQL yet.
• Management challenge
• Data management in NoSQL is much more complicated than relational databases. It is very challenging to install and even more hectic to manage daily.
• GUI is not available
• GUI tools for NoSQL database are not easily available in the market.
• Backup
• Backup is a great weak point for NoSQL databases. Some databases, like MongoDB, have no powerful approaches for data backup.

• Graph databases are very useful when the

database contains a complex relationship and

dynamic schema.

• It is mostly used in supply chain management ,

identifying the source of IP telephony.