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FSE 112 Midterm Examination Final
a. In order to have someone to provide for him in his afterlife, it was important for a Hebrew to have a/an: - ✔✔Son b. This person could be given money, bread, and a bowl of beer to "assume the sins of the deceased": - ✔✔Sin eater c. Although embalming was rare in biblical times, which of these persons was embalmed? - ✔✔Joseph d. Which Egyptian embalming method consisted of purging the intestines and soaking the body for a period of seventy days? - ✔✔Least Expensive e. "Reducers" was another term for: - ✔✔Bloodletting f. The Burial in Woolen Act stressed that the dead should be buried in what substance or material? - ✔✔Wool g. In which Egyptian embalming method were the organs removed and placed in jars? - ✔✔Most expensive h. Naidia were the ____ Greek structures for burial. - ✔✔Temple-like i. The Burial in Woolen Act was created in what year? - ✔✔ 1666 j. In late 17th century and early 18th century England, if undertakers made a sideline of furnishing upholstery, then area drapers: - ✔✔Began to furnish funerary goods k. During the Middle Ages and in early New England, the "___ to funerals" was hired to walk between homes, tell of a death, and actually invite the householder to the funeral service. - ✔✔Inviter l. The early Christians were forced to go underground and perform their worship in tombs. What were these underground tombs called? - ✔✔Catacombs m. Greek "trapazae" were the: - ✔✔Square-cut tombs
n. Another name for the Egyptian physician was the: - ✔✔Priest o. If one does not believe in God, like the Egyptians were described, this person would be called a: - ✔✔Pagan p. Coffined burial during the Middle Ages was: - ✔✔reserved for the wealthy and important q. The vogue of black was given a powerful boost in 1498, when black was substituted for white by ___, the widow of Charles VIII of France - ✔✔Anne r. During the Middle Ages, linen was becoming rare and laws were created to limit its use as a burial material. This is mainly because linen was needed or used for: - ✔✔Paper s. The Greek stelae, are also called a ____ tomb - ✔✔Shaft t. Who embalmed the body of the wife of Martin Van Butchell? Her body was kept on display in the house for years until Mr. Butchell's second wife complained and the remains were removed from the residence. - ✔✔John Hunter u. The Egyptian deceased were often soaked in ___ for a prescribed number of days - ✔✔Natron v. During the Middle Ages, when royalty died, a likeness or "fake" body would be created of the deceased, then the likeness of this person might be dressed in royal attire and placed in a special hearse and paraded throughout towns. This ensured the safety of the "real" body while also avoiding showing a possible decomposing body. What was this likeness called? - ✔✔Effigy w. These were established during the Middle Ages to help defray the enormous expense involved in funeral services: participants paid a "quarterage" or a premium - ✔✔Burial clubs x. Who was in complete charge in the Egyptian embalming chamber? - ✔✔Kher-heb y. The plagues during the Middle Ages were also called this: - ✔✔Black Death z. What's the biggest difference between a Libitanarius and a Libitina? - ✔✔The Libitanarius is the funeral directory or undertaker's equivalent, and Libitina is the goddess of corpses
nn. An interesting advantage that a Sexton had over his competition when practicing undertaking was: - ✔✔He had the monopoly over his church's cemetery oo. In early America, the lesser quality or less expensive coffins were made from: - ✔✔Pine pp. The practice of American burial in coffins/caskets is derived mainly from: - ✔✔British folkways qq. What person translated Gannal's "History of Embalming" text and provided instructions on how to embalm? - ✔✔Dr. Richard Harlan rr. During colonial times, the funeral service was both a/an ___ and a public event - ✔✔Social function ss. There are many records that embalming was practiced by the Native American Indians - ✔✔False tt. It was customary for Native Americans to bury with the body all of the possessions of the deceased - ✔✔True uu. What did the Native Americans use to preserve the skin when preparing a body for burial? - ✔✔Oil vv. What town was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Colony? - ✔✔Jamestown ww. In Old New England, gravestones not only identified the remains of the deceased, but also offered inscriptions in the form of cenotaphs. - ✔✔False xx. The most persistent symbol of early New England days was probably the skull and crossbones. - ✔✔True yy. The earliest New England burials were models of simplicity and quiet dignity. - ✔✔True zz. An Indian burial ritual included that of "Mound Builders", which were erected Earthen mounds over their dead. - ✔✔True aaa. In New England, the procession to the grave was by horse and carriage. - ✔✔False
bbb. Dutch funerals took place three to four days after death - ✔✔True ccc. Native Americans would fill the body of the deceased with ___ - ✔✔Sand ddd. A Sexton was primarily responsible for what aspect of Colonial-era funerals? - ✔✔Church caretaker who is the forerunner of the modern-day cemetery caretaker eee. Which of the following gifts was not customarily given to the grieving family in New England? - ✔✔Money fff. A "tradesmen undertaker" would practice what in what fields in addition to funerals? - ✔✔Practiced solely or in conjunction with another trade ggg. What industry or job was the colonial-era funeral director associated with most? - ✔✔Carpenters and furniture making hhh. New England funeral processions were originally on foot. The casket was carried by those in attendance - ✔✔True iii. A "layer of the dead" and a mid-wife that birthed babies are both considered specialized occupations within Colonial-era death care - ✔✔True jjj. The Native Americans and their New England counterparts shared what funeral beliefs? - ✔✔In-ground burial & belief in an afterlife kkk. What was the main driver that helped contribute to the modern funeral practice as we know it? - ✔✔The sudden rise in the middle class resulting from the expansion of industry and trade lll. How long was the undertaker's buying cycle? - ✔✔15 years mmm. Anthropomorphic or anthropodal refers to the shape of some early Egyptian coffins. These were in the shape of ___ - ✔✔A man nnn. What was the unique claim made by the Fisk Burial Case company? - ✔✔Their casket would delay decomposition ooo. A corpse cooler use ___ to help preserve bodies. - ✔✔Ice
eeee. A cooling board became a predecessor of the ___ - ✔✔Early embalming table ffff.What was the greatest disadvantage of arsenic-based embalming fluids? - ✔✔Arsenic could poison the embalmer and anatomists performing dissections gggg. What is an "ogee" - ✔✔An elliptical casket design hhhh. To what does the undertaker's buying cycle refer? - ✔✔The trade in time between hearse purchases iiii. "Life signals" could be all of the following EXCEPT - ✔✔Voices emerging from a Ouija board during a seance jjjj. The "corpse cooler" is to "cooling board" as "cold storage" is to - ✔✔Refrigeration kkkk. What two forces in physics would McGyver, the embalmer of the 1800's use to inject embalming fluid into the corpse if his embalming machine shorted out during the lightning storm? - ✔✔Gravity & Pressure llll. Dr. Auguste Renouard - ✔✔The "Dean" of early embalming instruction mmmm. Dr. Richard Harlan - ✔✔Wrote the first "how-to" embalming instruction manuals nnnn. Joseph H. Clarke - ✔✔Set up the first US embalming schools i. Johnson Dodge - ✔✔Embalming school principal; a magazine bears his name oooo. Dr. Julius LeMoyne - ✔✔built the first US crematory in Washington, PA in 1876; cremationist that also operated an underground railroad pppp. Leonardo Da Vinci - ✔✔Drew 750 anatomical plates (which seconded the demand for better methods of preservation) and dissected more than 50 cadavers; developed a system of venous injection that, years later, might have served as inspiration for Ruysch and Hunter qqqq. Gabriel Clauderus - ✔✔German physician who described in his published book the method he used for embalming without evisceration.
rrrr. William Harvey - ✔✔(1578-1657) English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; injected colored solutions into the arteries to support his theories ssss. Fredrick Ruysch - ✔✔(1638-1731) devised a technique for arterial embalming, but he did not divulge its media and operative details tttt. William Hunter - ✔✔(1718-1783) An influential person in medical embalming who is acknowledged as the first person to successfully adopt a method of arterial injection to preserve; generally considered originator of injection technique of preserving human remains uuuu. Father of Modern Embalming - ✔✔Thomas Holmes vvvv. Father of Embalming - ✔✔Frederick Ruysch wwww. Pollinctores - ✔✔slaves or employees of the libitinarius who provided the embalming xxxx. Anthony Gaussardia - ✔✔first person to patent embalming by chemical injection in 1856 yyyy. Constantine - ✔✔First Christian emperor of Rome zzzz. Edwin Chadwick - ✔✔This was a public health official who wrote reports on the poor living conditions of the cities and believed that poverty was caused by illnesses aaaaa. d'Argellata - ✔✔professor of anatomy who gave the earliest complete account of medieval embalming bbbbb. Allen Durfee - ✔✔Michigan undertaker who organized first state association at Jackson, Michigan in 1880, elected president; ultimate goal was formation of a national association ccccc. NFDA - ✔✔National Funeral Directors Association by 1882 ddddd. First it was called the National funeral directors association of the US
rrrrr. The American Board of Funeral Service Education is the state-level accrediting agency for funeral service education. - ✔✔False sssss. Which three associations are credited with forming today's state funeral director's associations across the country? - ✔✔The Philadelphia, Chicago, and Michigan Funeral Director Associations ttttt. What year was the National Funeral Directors Association founded? - ✔✔ 1882 uuuuu. First use of the word "casket" - ✔✔ 1862
