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FSE ASCI 112 Final
animals are believed to have been domesticated for approximately ____ years - ✔✔15, t/f: wild animals can be domesticated but they can't be tamed - ✔✔f which theory of domestication is related to the adoption theory? - ✔✔artificial selection which theory of domestication is related to the adaptation theory? - ✔✔natural selection t/f: horses were used to help domesticate cattle in 10,000 BC - ✔✔f t/f: the process of domestication causes populations of animals to change only in their genetic makeup - ✔✔f the following words can be directly used in a definition of science a. systematic, observation, testable b. systematic, subjective, experiment c. assumption, testable, observation d. modern, intuitive, experiment - ✔✔a what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "avoidance of pair bonding"? - ✔✔sexual behavior what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "small flight zone"? - ✔✔response to humans what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "can be removed from dam and sire at a young age"? - ✔✔precocial development what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "overlapping home ranges with other species"? - ✔✔social behavior what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "easily contained"? - ✔✔adaptability and activity
what is the behavioral trait for domestication for "dependency"? - ✔✔juvenile characteristics which of the following behaviors/traits would make an animal a good candidate for domestication? a. large flight zone b. live in groups c. have dominance hierarchies d. promiscuous e. altricial f. curious - ✔✔b, c, d, f what group of animals makes up the majority of our farm animals in the US? a. chickens (broilers) b. turkeys c. chickens (layers) d. swine e. cattle (beef/dairy) - ✔✔a t/f: less than 2% of Americans are involved in agriculture. - ✔✔t which of the following behaviors/traits would make an animal a good candidate for domestication? a. have dominance hierarchies b. altricial c. large flight zone d. promiscuous e. live in groups f. curious - ✔✔a, d, e, f at the cal poly equine unit which breed of horse do we have the greatest number of? - ✔✔ t/f: the process of domestication causes populations of animals to change only their genetic makeup - ✔✔f
what macromolecule has this function: long term energy storage - ✔✔lipids what macromolecule has this function: enzyme formation - ✔✔proteins t/f: a monomer is a small molecule that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules, polymers - ✔✔t which of the following elements is NOT one of the key elements to life? a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. calcium d. hydrogen e. carbon - ✔✔c t/f: humans get a small amount of energy from cellulose when the food item is organic or GMO free - ✔✔f a polymer of beta glucose molecules is: a. lactose b. galactose c. starch d. cellulose e. glycogen - ✔✔d t/f: when a protein loses its structure due to changes in temperature or pH it is said to be natured - ✔✔f what type of lipid is related to "critical for the formation of cell membranes"? - ✔✔phospholipids what type of lipid is related to "consists of both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region"? - ✔✔phospholipids what type of lipid is related to "how fat is stored in the body"? - ✔✔triglycerides
what type of lipid is related to "contains 2 fatty acid tails"? - ✔✔phospholipids what type of lipid is related to "contains 3 fatty acid tails"? - ✔✔triglycerides which of the following are essential amino acids? a. lysine b. taurine c. valine d. arginine e. tryptophan - ✔✔a, c, d, e how has food insecurity in developing countries changed since 1990? a. halved b. stayed the same c. doubled d. decreased slightly - ✔✔a select the option that depicts the hierarchy levels of the of the organization of life in decreasing complexity a. population --> organismal --> cellular b. population --> cellular --> organismal c. cellular --> population --> organismal d. organismal --> cellular --> population e. organismal --> population --> cellular - ✔✔a the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane is arranged with the fatty acid chains of each phospholipid facing the interior of the membrane. as a result the interior of the cell is a. hydrophilic b. changed c. hydrophobic d. a black hole, of which we know nothing about polar e. polar - ✔✔a
a. hydrophillic b. charged c. hydrophobic d. filled with water e. polar - ✔✔a what is the matching side of the DNA to this sequence: TGCAGGTA - ✔✔ACGTCCAT what is the matching side of the DNA to this sequence: ACGTTACC - ✔✔TGCAATGG which of the following are essential amino acids? a. valine b. tryptophan c. lysine d. arginine e. taurine - ✔✔a, b, c, d t/f: a nucleic acid is made up of the following 3 components: a sugar, an amino group, and a nitrogenous base
- ✔✔f in horses, the microbes that are needed to break down cellulose are located in the ____ - ✔✔cecum dogs and cats are both what type of digesters? - ✔✔unsacculated colonic digester what animal has the largest cecum that we know of - ✔✔capybara are microorgranisms in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔large intestine is the jejunum in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔small intestine is the ileum in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔small intestine
is the colon in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔large intestine is the duodenum in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔small intestine is the rectum in the small intestine or large intestine? - ✔✔large intestine where does lipase come from? - ✔✔lipase where does peptidase come from? - ✔✔brush border of small intestine where does maltase come from? - ✔✔brush border of small intestine where does amylase come from? - ✔✔pancreas where does trypsinogen come from? - ✔✔pancreas pancreatic juice contains a. lipase b. trypsin c. NAHCO d. pepsinogen e. amylase f. sodium bicarbonate - ✔✔a, c, e, f the inactive form of the protein digesting enzyme that is secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine is
- ✔✔trypsinogen the function of bile salts are to a. decrease surface tension of fat droplets b. disrupt micelle formation of fat c. make it easier for lipase to digest the fat - ✔✔a, c
what type of digester is a pig? - ✔✔sacculated colonic what type of digester is a capybara? - ✔✔cecal what type of digester is a human? - ✔✔sacculated colonic what type of digester is a dog? - ✔✔unsacculated colonic what type of digester is a rabbit? - ✔✔cecal what type of digester is a sheep? - ✔✔ruminant what type of digester is a hippopotamus? - ✔✔non-ruminant in a chicken what anatomical location is "important for chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients"? - ✔✔small intestine in a chicken what anatomical location "can expand to store food"? - ✔✔crop in a chicken what anatomical location is the "site of fermentation and some water absorption"? - ✔✔ceca in a chicken what anatomical location is "a very muscular location that is important for grinding, mixing, and mashing food"? - ✔✔gizzard in a chicken what anatomical location is the "gland responsible for the production and secretion of trypsinogen"? - ✔✔pancreas in a chicken what anatomical location is "the glandular portion of the digestive tract that contains HCL and pepsin"? - ✔✔proventriculus what is considered the true stomach of the ruminant? - ✔✔abomasum
t/f: papillae increase surface area to help absorb volatile fatty acids (VFAs) - ✔✔t a physiological condition of stable and constant internal environment is called - ✔✔homeostasis the endocrine gland that is located on top of the kidneys is the - ✔✔adrenal gland t/f: the fastest way that an endocrine gland can be stimulated is through a hormonal stimulus - ✔✔f the islets of langerhans are a. located in the adrenal gland b. contain cells that produce insulin c. contain cells that pancreatic amylase d. are stimulated by levels of glycogen in the blood e. helps the body to maintain homeostasis - ✔✔b, e which glucose transporter is insulin dependent? - ✔✔GLUT 4 type I diabetes is different than type II diabetes because a. the only way it can be treated is by regularly checking blood glucose and administering insulin injections b. it is most often diagnosed when the individual is an adult c. involves cells that no longer respond to insulin d. a blood test after a meal would reveal both high insulin and high glucose concentrations in the blood - ✔✔a the pancreas is an endocrine gland that is stimulated to release hormones by a. hormonal stimulus b. neural stimulus c. humoral stimulus - ✔✔c if an animal was given an injection of ACTH you would expect the following changes in blood a. no change in CRH b. decreased CRH
t/f: just before you eat your cortisol concentration will be high in the blood - ✔✔t the countercurrent mechanism found in the testicle which allows for cooling of arterial blood as it enters the testis is called the a. panniculus b. parathyroid gland c. cremaster plexus d. pampinaform plexus - ✔✔d t/f: accessory gland of the male reproductive tract consist of bulbo-urethral glands, vesicular glands, and the prostate gland - ✔✔t which animal ejaculates the largest volume? a. boar b. stallion c. ram d. bull - ✔✔a which organ in the male anatomy actually produces sperm - ✔✔testes t/f: the penis consists of the body, root, and retractor penis muscle - ✔✔f which reproductive hormone "signals the testes to produce testosterone in males"? - ✔✔luteinizing hormone which reproductive hormone is "released by the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland"? - ✔✔gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which reproductive hormone is the "primary male hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics"? - ✔✔testosterone a mature female horse is known as a - ✔✔mare
a castrated male pig is known as a - ✔✔barrow a 5 month old female pig is known as a - ✔✔gilt a mature male sheep is known as a - ✔✔ram a mature female pig that has reproduced is known as a - ✔✔sow a castrated bovine is known as a - ✔✔steer what structure in the male reproductive tract is responsible for the production of the seminal plasma, or fluid portion, or the ejaculate? a. testes b. ductus deferens c. epididymus d. accessory glands e. glans penis f. ampulla - ✔✔d a cryptorchid is an animal (or person) that a. is unable to produce testosterone b. is unable to produce sperm c. has both male and female sex organs d. has a testis that didn't descend into the scrotum - ✔✔d what type of cell found in the testes is responsible for producing the hormone testosterone? - ✔✔leydig cells the major hormone of influence in the female during estrus is - ✔✔estrogen the gestation length of a sow is - ✔✔three months, three weeks, three days the average length of the estrous cycle - ✔✔ 18 - 21 days
a cow has a ____ cervix a. corkscrew like b. annular rings c. longitudinal folds - ✔✔b which is NOT example of an animal showing she is in estrus? a. cows mounting each other b. lordosis c. increase of vocalizations d. decreased activity e. stands to be mounted - ✔✔d the uterus is the production site of ____ which causes regression of the corpus luteum (CL) in the female if no embryo is present a. LH b. estrogen c. PGF 2 alpha d. progesterone - ✔✔c the offspring of a cross between two paternal lines (P generation) would be called a. generation progeny b. F2 progeny c. F1 progeny - ✔✔c mendelian genetics a. requires some alleles consistently mask the presence of others b. explains phenotypes such as body height and hip to waist ratios c. requires alleles separate in such a way that only one allele is found in any particular gamete d. requires genes be linked close together so that they can be inherited together - ✔✔a, c
the absence of horns in cattle is a desirable trait for cattle producers because of the safety factor. polled cattle (no horns) (P) is dominant to horned cattle (p). if one of the parental lines (P generation) was considered homozygous recessive, its genotype would be: - ✔✔pp polled cattle (P) is dominant to horned cattle (p). if the genotype of a cow is Pp, what would the phenotype be? - ✔✔polled polled cattle (P) is dominant to horned cattle (p). what is the probability that a homozygous recessive cow, who mates with a heterozygote bull, will produce a horned calf? - ✔✔ 1 / a condensed form of DNA that occurs in pairs is - ✔✔chromosome the study of how traits of living things are transferred from one generation to the next is - ✔✔genetics some alleles can consistently mask the presence of other alleles is - ✔✔law of dominance the passing of traits from parents to offspring is - ✔✔heredity genes for different traits sort separately from one another in the formation of gametes is - ✔✔principle of independent assortment a portion of DNA that determines a particular trait is - ✔✔gene each gene has two of these - ✔✔allele alleles separate from each other in the formation of gametes. half the gametes carry one allele and the other half carry the other allele. this is - ✔✔principle of segregation t/f: phenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual - ✔✔f in pigs, erect ears (EE) is dominant to droopy ears (ee). if a heterozygous boar was crossed with a homozygous dominant sow, what would be the ratio of the F2 generation? a. 2:2:
