Child Development: Preoperational Thought and Language Development, Study notes of Sociology

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• Cha󰈥󰉄󰈩r

Top 󰈜󰈩󰈝 󰈙󰈢󰈦ic󰈻

Lan󰈇󰉉󰇽󰈈e L󰈩󰇽r󰈝i󰈞g & Vo󰇹󰈀󰇻󰉊la󰈸󰉙

Chi󰈗󰇶-󰉑󰈩n󰉃󰇵󰈹ed P󰈸󰈡󰈈r󰇽󰈚󰈼

Exe󰇹󰉉󰉄󰈏ve F󰉉󰈝󰇸t󰈏o󰈝

Vy󰈇o󰉄s󰈔󰉙 Te󰈀c󰈊󰇵󰈹-Dir󰈩󰇹󰉄󰇵d P󰈸o󰈈r󰈀󰈚󰈼

Bra󰈎󰈝 󰉍󰇵󰉐el󰈡󰈥󰈛󰇵n󰉃 Gra󰈚󰈛󰈀r

In󰉃e󰈹v󰈩󰈝󰉄󰈏on P󰈸󰈡󰈈r󰇽󰈚󰈼

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07

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05 10

Bod󰉘 󰉂󰈹󰈡w󰉃󰈋^06

Pi󰈀g󰇵󰉃

Nut󰈸󰈎󰉄󰈏on

● Food insecurity (+) overeating as adults ● Low-income families sometimes rely on fast food; (+) obesity susceptibility ● Obesity rates (-) in day-care centers that (+) exercise and improved snack choices

Ora󰈗 H󰈩󰇽󰈘t󰈊

Influenced by diet and health

Poor childhood oral health harms permanent teeth

Fo󰈡d

Al󰈗e󰈹g󰈎󰇵󰈻

10% young children

Diagnosis standards and treatments vary

Often common, healthy foods

Cow’s milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, shellfish

(p. 146)

Bra󰈎󰈝 󰉂󰈹󰈢w󰉃󰈋 In󰈊i󰇻󰈎t󰈏o󰈝 & F󰈘ex󰈎󰇼󰈏󰈘it󰉘

-Activate (on)-Inhibit (off) -Unbalanced: immature prefrontal core & limbic system control -impulsivity-perseverati on

-Relationship between stress & brain activity is partially dependent on age and amount of stress

-Ages 2- -Sleep becomes regular -Temper tantrums (-) -Emotions nuanced & responsive

Bra󰈎󰈝 󰈲󰇽󰉄ur󰈀󰉃󰈏o󰈞

Je󰈀n 󰈪󰈏a󰈇󰈩󰉄

Preoperational Thought

Ages 2-

Language & imagination, symbolic thought

Logical, operational thinking not yet possible

Animism=Toy Story

Centration= one idea, exclude others

Egocentrism= think about the world from their own perspective

Appearance= ignores all attributes that aren’t apparent (wearing mom’s shoes makes me “mom”)

Soc󰈎󰇽󰈗 Le󰈀󰈹n󰈏󰈝󰈈 Men󰉃󰈡󰈹s

Zon󰈩 󰈢󰇾 P󰈹ox󰈎󰈚󰇽󰈘

Dev󰈩󰈗󰈢󰈦me󰈝󰉄

Scaff󰈡󰈗󰇶󰈏n󰈇

Every aspect of Child Development is part of the sociocultural context

Present challenges

Offer assistance w/o taking over

Skills a person can do only with assistance, not independently

Temporary support

Social Mediation Private Speech

Provide information & motivation

Help learner master the next task in a learning process

Lev 󰈐󰉘󰈈󰈡t󰈻󰈕y

Exe󰇹󰉉󰉄󰈏ve F󰉉󰈝󰇸t󰈏o󰈝

Comprised of working memory, inhibition, & cognitive flexibility

Allows person to anticipate, strategize, & plan behavior

May advance in early childhood; supportive preK can help

Ability to organize & prioritize thoughts from parts of the brain

Du󰈀l-󰈴󰇽󰈝󰈈u󰈀g󰇵 Le󰈀󰈸󰈞󰈏n󰈇

Increase language learning by: reading books, educating parents, early-education programs

1

Contributes to lifelong neurological benefits; Become for fluent in school language vs. home language

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Early Childhood Schooling

Quality matters; high $$$ does not = high quality Encourage creativity (child-centered) Prepare for formal education (teacher-directed) Prepare low-SES children for 1st grade (intervention)

Focus on school-readiness; letters, #s, shapes, & colors; sit quietly; behaviorism or information processing

Early Head Start/Head Start Up to 3 Perry/ HighScope Program Abecedarian Child-Parent Centers

Ear󰈗󰉙-Chi󰈗󰇶h󰈡󰈢󰇷 S󰇸ho󰈡󰈗󰈏󰈞g

In󰉃e󰈹v󰈩󰈝󰉄󰈏on P󰈸󰈡󰈈r󰇽󰈚󰈼

Te󰈀c󰈊󰇵󰈹-Dir󰈩󰇹󰉄󰇵d Pro󰈇󰈹󰈀m󰈻

https://www.youtube .com/watch?v=ZWlxq pL21t8&t=55s

https://highscope .org/membership- resource/work-ti me/

Did you notice similarities between Head Start and HighScope?

Did you notice any differences between HeadStart and HighScope?

If money wasn’t an issue, where would you send

your own kids?

Where would you have liked to go to preschool

and why?

Dis󰇹󰉉󰈼s

Cha󰈥󰉄󰈩r 5 T/F

6. Having an older brother or sister delays the development of a theory of mind.
7. By age 6, children’s vocabulary includes an average of more than 10,000 words.
8. A young child who says, “You comed up and hurted me” is demonstrating a lack of understanding of English grammar.
9. Research supports the idea that children who have heard two languages since birth usually master the two distinct sets of words and grammar.
10. Preschool education programs, such as Head Start, have been a disappointing failure in terms of compensating for children’s impoverished home environments.

Cha󰈥󰉄󰈩r 5 T/F

1. Preoperational intelligence is no longer limited to senses and motor skills.
2. A 3-year-old is likely to believe that the same amount of ice cream is actually more when it is transferred from a large bowl to a small bowl.
3. Research reveals that a 2- to 6-year-old children are much less logical than Piaget believed.
4. Older children use private speech less effectively than younger ones.
5. Most 3-year-olds clearly understand that a belief can be false.

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