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Office of the United States Trade Representative - ANSWERS-U.S. Cabinet-level agency charged with negotiating international trade agreements i
Pull strategy - ANSWERS-Manufacturers can use promotion to create consumer demand for a product so that consumers exert pressure on marketing channel members to make it available. Mercedes uses a pull strategy. A car is built only when the order is placed.
Push strategy - ANSWERS-manufacturers have to motivate the intermediaries to push the product down to their customers.
Aaron Burr - ANSWERS-only V.P to be tried for treason and later acquitted
Elastic Clause - ANSWERS-Necessary and Proper Clause. Allowed the Congress to enact laws that were seen as needed to carry out the powers listed in Article I
Sinn Fein - ANSWERS-seeks to unite Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland, thus ending British rule on the island.
Gitlow v. New York (1925 - ANSWERS-
Marketing Concept - ANSWERS-The idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers' needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its own goal
Treaties must be approved by... - ANSWERS-Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution specifies that two-thirds of the Senators present must agree to a treaty. This power, along with the power of the Senate to approve the appointment of ambassadors, military officers, and other appointments, gives the Senate the reputation of being the house of Congress that's most concerned with foreign affairs.
The Walsh-Healy Act (1936) - ANSWERS-mandated a minimum wage for workers at companies holding government contracts, as well as an eight-hour day and forty-hour work-week. It also forbade the use of child and convict labor.
Three-fifths Compromise - ANSWERS-slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for state population purposes. Consensus was reached during Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise).
Article 6 - ANSWERS-All debts prior to Constitution are valid; Constitution is the Supreme Law; Senators and Reps. must take oath
Article 7 - ANSWERS-9 states' approval needed to enact Constitution. Established year 1787
Bill of Rights - ANSWERS-First 10 amendments
1 amendment - ANSWERS-freedom of speech
2nd amendment - ANSWERS-Right to bear arms
3rd amendment - ANSWERS-In time of peace, no soldier should be quartered in private property w/o prior consent
4th amendment - ANSWERS-Right to defend against unreasonable searches and seizures of property w/o warrants.
5th amendment - ANSWERS-Right to due process. No person shall be forced to incriminate themselves or serve as their own witness (unless Martial court- military). Protects against double jeopardy.
6th amendment - ANSWERS-Right to a fair and speedy trial. Assistance of counsel for his/her defense is provided.
7th amendment - ANSWERS-Civil suits can be brought to trial if amt. exceeds $20. No jury can overrule a trial that is based on facts.
8th amendment - ANSWERS-Prohibits excessive bail, fines or unusual punishment
9th amendment - ANSWERS-Any rights not explicitly stated in the Constitution are not necessarily denied. Designed from protecting the U.S. government from becoming too powerful.
10th amendment - ANSWERS-Powers not delegated to the Constitution are reserved for the states
11th amendment - ANSWERS-Suits against states
12th amendment - ANSWERS-Election of president
13th amendment - ANSWERS-Slavery and involuntary servitude illegal
14th amendment - ANSWERS-Rights of citizenship (life, liberty or property)
15th amendment - ANSWERS-Right to vote regardless of color
26th amendment - ANSWERS-Voting age lowered to 18
27th amendment - ANSWERS-Limitation on congressional pay
Virginia Ratifying Plan - ANSWERS-Many delegates met in VA to ratify or reject the Constitution which had been drafted at the Philadelphia Convention a year prior
Philadelphia Convention AKA Constitutional Convention AKA Federal Convention - ANSWERS-revision of the Articles of Confederation. Ended up creating the Constitution
Virginia Plan - ANSWERS-Compromise written to favor larger states where representation would be based on population
New Jersey Plan - ANSWERS-favored a large centralized government where each state would receive equal representation (one vote).
Great Compromise (Sherman Compromise AKA Connecticut Compromise) - ANSWERS-agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention regarding representation. Later led to Article 5 of the Constitution
Shay's rebellion - ANSWERS-Uprising in 1787 that resulted from perceived civil rights and economic injustices. Led to the replacement of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the Constitution
Senate's checks and balance over Executive Power - ANSWERS-Senate has the ability to reject cabinet level nominees. The Senate has the sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that require consent, and to ratify treaties. There are, however, two exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves foreign trade. The Senate also tries impeachment cases for federal officials referred to it by the House. The Senate maintains several powers to itself: It ratifies treaties by a two-thirds supermajority vote and confirms the appointments of the President by a majority vote. The consent of the House of Representatives is also necessary for the ratification of trade agreements and the confirmation of the Vice President
Federalist system - ANSWERS-U.S. government: a central government that has certain powers, with the state as the basic unit of political power. Each branch of the federal government has oversight in regards to actions of the other two branches.
Marbury v. Madison - ANSWERS-Established judicial review in the U.S. under Article three of the Constitution. Reaffirmed the Supreme Court as a power house.
Land Ordinance of 1875 - ANSWERS-led to public, state-funded education
No prior restraint - ANSWERS-An official restriction of speech relating to publication
Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act - ANSWERS-Restructured DOD/military on largest scale and gave more authority to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Streamlined the chain of command. (1986 Reagan)
Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - ANSWERS-highest ranking and senior- most military officer
XYZ Affair-Quasi War - ANSWERS-between France and U.S under president John Adams. Diplomatic ties weakened when France asked for bribes
1998 Foreign Affairs Restructuring Act - ANSWERS-To consolidate international affairs agencies, to authorize appropriations for the Department of State and related agencies for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, and for other purposes. Dissolved the U.S Information Agency.
Clara Barton - ANSWERS-founded the American Red Cross
Florence Nightengale - ANSWERS-founder of modern nursing, English nurse
The Great Society - ANSWERS-Lyndon B. Johnson's plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice
Medicare - ANSWERS-established 1965 by President Johnson.
Whitewater scandal - ANSWERS-President Bill Clinton's real estate scandal
Irving Berlin - ANSWERS-Great American Songwriter, God Bless America
Multilateral diplomacy - ANSWERS-multiple countries align to meet certain goals; International organizations, such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization are multilateral in nature. Middle countries such as Canada, Australia and Nordic countries.
Bilateral diplomacy - ANSWERS-is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to develop diplomatic relations, they exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Examples include free trade agreements, Australia and Canada, India and Nepal, the U.S and China or U.S. and South Korea.
Big Stick Diplomacy - ANSWERS-President Theodore's foreign policy. The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the "big stick", or the military, ties in heavily with the idea of Realpolitik, which implies a pursuit of political power that resembles Machiavellian ideals. It is comparable to gunboat diplomacy, as used in international politics by imperial powers. Used in the Panama Canal negotiations and with Cuba.
Suez Canal - ANSWERS-
Iran - ANSWERS-President and Supreme Leader. President: Hassan Rouhani. Supreme Leader: Sayyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei. the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The armed forces, judicial system, state television, and other key governmental organizations are under the control of the Supreme Leader of Iran. Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader
Iraq - ANSWERS-
Russia withdraws from WWI - ANSWERS-
Battle of Lexington - ANSWERS-"Shot heard round the world"
Persian Gulf War Allies - ANSWERS-
IAEA - ANSWERS-
War of the Roses - ANSWERS-15th Century war over the throne of England by the House of Lancaster and House of Plantagenet (White Rose). Lancaster won (Red Rose)
Group 8 Nations - ANSWERS-group of eight highly industrialized nations — France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Russia ( last to join in 1998) — that hold an annual meeting to foster consensus on global issues like economic growth and crisis management, global security, energy, and terrorism. The EU is a "nonenumerated" ninth member; represented by the presidents of the European Council and European Commission, the EU participates as an equal.
G6 - ANSWERS-intended to provide major industrial powers of the noncommunist world a venue in which to address economic concerns, which at the time included inflation and the recession sparked by the oil crisis of the 1970s. Cold War politics invariably entered the group's agenda. Replaced by the G
In federal govrenment budgeting, "mandatory" spending differs from "discretionary" spending in which way? - ANSWERS-Mandatory spending is not subject to the annual appropriations process
Maya Lin - ANSWERS-
Federal Reserve Act 1913 - ANSWERS-Bill signed by Wilson that created the Federal Reserve Bank system and began the federal government's foray into monetary policy.
Created 12 cross-continental federal reserve banks with one in D.C. and allowed the federal printing of money
Stamford Raffles - ANSWERS-founder of Singapore
Paraguayan War - ANSWERS-also known as the War of the Triple Alliance was an international military conflict in South America fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
Ahmad Shah Abdali - ANSWERS-the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.
Normative statement - econ - ANSWERS-expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is subjectively desirable or undesirable. It looks at the world as it "should" be.
PPF - ANSWERS-Production Possibility Frontier chart.
Cordilla de los frailes location - ANSWERS-The Cordillera de los Frailes is a mountainous region in the central parts of the Bolivian Andes
How many countries border China? - ANSWERS-14: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Nepal
Largest population in Africa - ANSWERS-Nigeria is #1 with 183 million, Ethiopia #2 with 98 million and Egypt #3 with 84 million
Aconcagua - ANSWERS-highest mountain outside of Asia, at 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft), and by extension the highest point in both the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Missouri Compromise - ANSWERS-an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. At the time, the United States contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between slave and free.
Anti-Masonic Party - ANSWERS-First to use National Conventions to nominate a president.
Atilla The Hun - ANSWERS-ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. Having been the most feared enemy of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire, we was affectionately called the Scourge of God due to his attacks and plundering of prized cities like Balkans and Constantinopl
Goth invasion led to the end of which empire? - ANSWERS-In A.D. 410 the Goths sacked Rome.
Velvet Revolution - ANSWERS-The Velvet Revolution refers to Czechoslovakia's relatively peaceful transition from communism
Formerly Ceylon - ANSWERS-Sri Lanka
Fundamental attribution error. - ANSWERS-if you see an employee staring out the window rather than working, and you judge that employee as "lazy," you may be making the
Amicus Curiae - ANSWERS-Friend of the court briefs
Treaties must be approved by - ANSWERS-Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution specifies that two-thirds of the Senators present must agree to a treaty. This power, along with the power of the Senate to approve the appointment of ambassadors, military officers, and other appointments, gives the Senate the reputation of being the house of Congress that's most concerned with foreign affairs.
The Necessary and Proper Clause in the Constitution did what? - ANSWERS-Also known as the elastic clause. It expanded federal power by liberally interpreting the powers in Article I. The power to regulate interstate commerce was a major power that was used to expand federal powers
From 1895 until the end of the Second World War, Korea was dominated by - ANSWERS-Japan
Pampas - ANSWERS-The grassland zone of Argentina is
V.P tried for treason and later aquitted - ANSWERS-Aaron Burr (Jefferson)
Kingdom of Siam - ANSWERS-Thailand
Progressive Era - ANSWERS-Social. period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s. The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government.
Ways and Means Committee - ANSWERS-responsible for taxes, tariffs and revenue. Subcommittee of the Senate.
Blind Interview - ANSWERS-Source is not named
Hanibal - ANSWERS-A Carthaginian military commander who fought against the Roman Republic in the Second Punic War, widely considered one of the greatest tacticians in history
Atila the Hun - ANSWERS-The leader of the Hunnic empire, stretching from Germany to to the Ural River, a fierce enemy of the Roman Empire
Alexander the Great - ANSWERS-A king of Macedon who would lead his army to victory from the Mediterranean to the Hindu Kush, creating one of the largest empires in history
