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FTCE Professional Education Test (083)
Questions with Answers latest 2025
reliability ✔️ the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements
validity ✔️ can be determined by comparing a test score against some separate or independent observation of whatever is being measured
unbiased test ✔️ a test that does not unfairly favor a particular group
standardized test ✔️ a test that has been carefully constructed and field-tested so that (ideally) it has a high degree of reliability and validity
mean ✔️ determined by adding up all the scores and dividing this sum by the total number of scores that were added
median ✔️ the midpoint in a distribution of scores from highest to lowest
range ✔️ the greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores; the simplest measure of variability
standard deviation ✔️ a measure of dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set
raw score ✔️ the total number of correct responses on an assessment
z-score ✔️ the distance in standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the assessment; (raw score - mean) / standard deviation
percentile ✔️ a value at or below which P percent of the data fall
quartile
✔️ values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each of which contains approximately 1/4 of the data
stanine scores ✔️ scores derived from percentiles; compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbered 1 to 9
grade equivalent score ✔️ used to describe student's performance in comparison to the performance of an average student at a specified grade level
formative assessment ✔️ occurs before and during instruction
diagnostic assessment ✔️ administered before instruction and are designed to identify students' strengths and weaknesses (e.g., pre-tests, student interviews, learning style inventories)
Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS) ✔️ requires that new kindergarten students in Florida public schools be assessed for school readiness at the beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
summative assessment ✔️ most often used to determine students' academic achievement in each class or course, often for the purpose of grades (e.g., student projects, unit and chapter tests, standardized tests)
performance assessment ✔️ same as authentic assessment; long been used in assessment of music, art, drama, and physical education
process/product assessment ✔️ same as authentic assessment; long been used in science, math, social studies, and language arts
instructionally embedded assessment ✔️ (aka teacher observation) uses systematic observational methods along with checklists, interviews, and questioning while students are engaged in learning activities
critical and creative thinking ✔️ higher level thinking skills that Florida students need in all subject areas and as preparation for everyday life, including the world of work
critical thinking
✔️ the process of drawing a general conclusion based on one or more examples
logical reasoning ✔️ the higher level thinking processes that are used to make decisions or draw conclusions
syllogistic reasoning ✔️ a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
cognitive complexity ✔️ the level of cognitive demand associated with test items
cognitive complexity classification ✔️ low complexity (recall, identify, locate, recognize); moderate complexity (demonstrate comprehension); high complexity (demonstrate the use of higher order thinking skills including abstract reasoning
The Natural Approach (ESOL) ✔️ students acquire a new vocabulary through experiences and associations with words because the words are used in meaningful ways and contexts.
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) ✔️ assists the students in the transition from a language arts program in which the content is made comprehensible through the use of ESOL strategies
Scaffolding (ESOL) ✔️ students should be provided with steps of learning that allow for consolidation and success.
Performance-based Assessment ✔️ Allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data
Metacognition ✔️ A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they know when they know it.
diversity ✔️ knowledge of cultural, linguistic, and learning style differences and how these differences affect the classroom practice and student learning
ethnocentrism
✔️ the natural tendency to view one's own cultural or familial ways of doing things as best and most acceptable
phonemic awareness ✔️ the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words
phonemes ✔️ sounds of words; the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word; the "c" sound in cat
phonics ✔️ teaches the students the relationship between the letters of written language and their individual sounds of spoken language
learning styles ✔️ is the manner in which an individual perceives and processes information in learning situations
environmental setting ✔️ the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes room temp, lighting, noise level, and seating
personal characteristics ✔️ ____ of the learner includes motivation, persistence, responsibility, and preference with regard to structure
social setting ✔️ the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes grouping arrangement and teacher interaction patterns
physiological factors ✔️ ___ that impact the learner includes modality preference, food/drink intake, time of day, and mobility opportunities
psychological characteristics ✔️ ____ of the student influence the student's ability to learn and include impulsivity/reflectivity inclination and brain hemisphericity
left-brain dominate ✔️ (brain hemispheric orientation) This type of learner thinks from part to whole; processes thought logically and analytically; approaches problem solving systematically; prefers to see the "big picture" step by step; etc
left-brain dominate
field independent ✔️ learners who have the ability to perceive objects without being influenced by the background are (field dependent or field independent)
this type of learner processes information in parts, might focus on specific parts rather than see the whole, passive in social situations ✔️ field independent
this type of learner tends to be less influenced by peers, likes working alone, chooses fields like math, science, and engineering ✔️ field independent
this type of learner processes information holisticlly, has difficulty separating specific parts from a situation or pattern, able to see relational concepts ✔️ field dependent
this type of learner is active in social situations, tend to be influenced by suggestions from others, likes to work in groups, chooses fields requiring interpersonal, nonscientific orientation, such as history, art, or social work ✔️ field dependent
teacher who plan social events for students should keep in mind that field ____ learners are likely to be passive during the event (dependent or independent) ✔️ independent
using manipulatives would appeal to ___ (concrete, abstract) learners. ✔️ concrete
true-false: working in a restricted environment would be difficult for an abstract-random learner ✔️ false
Howard Gardner ✔️ Proposed the theory of multiple intelligences
how many multiple intelligences are there ✔️ 8
having students create a human graph will appeal to ___ intelligence. ✔️ bodily/kenesthic
drawing a map of the setting of a story will appeal to ___ intelligence ✔️ visual/spatial
Students with strong ___ intelligence will enjoy group activities ✔️ interpersonal
students with strong ___ intelligence tend to think in images rather than in words or sounds ✔️ visaul/spatial
students who are able to recognize musical and rhythmic patterns and sounds have ___ intelligence ✔️ muscial/rhythmic
Students who would rather work with patterns or solve problems have ___ intelligence ✔️ logical-mathematical
students who would understand and work in the natural world have ___ intelligence ✔️ naturalistic
students who have the ability to think about issues of ultimate reality have ___ intelligence ✔️ existential
locus of control ✔️ ___ reflects the degree to which students feel they have power over forces in their lives
students with ___ believe that events they experience are under their own control ✔️ internal locus of control
students with ___ believe they are under the control of other people or forces outside themselves ✔️ external locus of control
Students with a strong sense of ___ are more likely to challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be intrinsically motivated. ✔️ efficacy
self-efficacy ✔️ ___ is the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome.
a students who says "I failed the test because there were a lot of trick questions on it" likely has an ___ locus of control ✔️ external
Hawthorne Effect ✔️ the phenomenon whereby what teachers expected became reality
summative assessment occurs ✔️ at the end of a specific time period
norm-reference test (NRT) ✔️ purpose is to provide a way to compare the performance of groups of students
bell-shaped curve ✔️ represents the chance or normal distribution of skills, knowledge, or events across the general population
NRT scores are usually reported as ✔️ percentile scores
a group of students score at the 80th percentile means... ✔️ the group scored as well as or better than 80 percent of the students who took the test
a student with a score at the 50th percentile means... ✔️ the student has an average score
percentile scores rank students from ✔️ highest to lowest
normed scores ✔️ what scores are reported so that schools can compare the performance of the students with the performance of students who the test developers used as it norm group
CRT ✔️ criterion-referenced tests
Which test allows the possibility that all students can score 100% and why? ✔️ CRT, b/c students understand the concepts being tested
performance based test ✔️ this type of test is where students are assessed on how they perform certain task. this type of test allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data. type of test that allows students to be creative in their solutions to problems or questions and to use higher-level thinking skills
reliability
✔️ assessment yields consistent results
validity ✔️ assessment actually measures what it is supposed to measure
a test must be ___ before it can be valid; however, measurements can be consistent without being ___ ✔️ reliable, valid
if an assessment does not measure what it is supposed to measure, then its ___ does not matter ✔️ reliability
reliability ✔️ the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements
validity ✔️ can be determined by comparing a test score against some separate or independent observation of whatever is being measured
unbiased test ✔️ a test that does not unfairly favor a particular group
standardized test ✔️ a test that has been carefully constructed and field-tested so that (ideally) it has a high degree of reliability and validity
norm-referenced test ✔️ a test that assesses students by comparing their performance to that of a norm group (ex: California Achievement Test)
criterion-referenced test ✔️ a test that assesses students by comparing their performance to a per-determined level of mastery (ex: FCAT)
mean, median, and mode ✔️ measures of central tendency
measures of variability ✔️ used to describe the amount of spread
range ✔️ the greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores; the simplest measure of variability
projects ✔️ includes stories, essays, drawings, models, audio recordings, videos, powerpoints, and other mechanisms that allow students to demonstrate their acquisition of knowledge and skills
journals ✔️ provide a way for students to respond in writing to a prompt by the teacher and to reflect on their own learning
student self-assessment ✔️ performed by the students (e.g., grading their own papers, group participation, and portfolio assessment)
___ ____ assessments are ideally created at the same time as the goals and outcomes are planned ✔️ teacher-made
carefully planned objectives and assessment instruments serve as ____ development guides for teacher ✔️ lesson
multiple-choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank, short answer test what levels in blooms tax ✔️ knowledge and comprehension
Other than longer essays, what else assesses learning at higher levels ✔️ projects, papers, and portfolios
what are some types of authentic assessments that measure student progress ✔️ portfolio, self-assessment, projects, observations, checklists, anecdotal records, and peer assessment
which authentic assessment promotes student self-assessment and why ✔️ projects b/c students must evaluate their progress at each step
if a student scores low on a test b/c they could not understand the questions, then the test is not ___ b/c it measures reading ability instead of content knowledge ✔️ valid
___ serve as a valuable instructional aid b/c they help determine progress ✔️ test
assessments ✔️ what provides feedback to teachers regarding their own effectiveness
teacher-made assessments ✔️ what instrument should be developed at the same time as the goal and outcomes are planned
formative ✔️ projects, observations, anecdotal records, checklist, and portfolios are what type of assessment/data
a test should be constructed according to a ____ that reflects the objectives of the ___ content to be learned ✔️ blueprint, content
If a unit contains more than one objective, what should first be determined when developing a blueprint and why? ✔️ the importance of each objective so the test will reflect this proportional emphasis
educational assessment ✔️ is a formal attempt to determine students' status with respect to educational variables of interest
formal assessments ✔️ is a deliberate effort to determine a student's status such as knowledge, skills, or attitude
why should teachers assess? ✔️ to diagnose weaknesses and strengths, monitor progress, determine instructional effectiveness
CRT ✔️ this type of test may be called non-competitive b/c students are not in competition with each other for a high score
if the purpose is to test student recall of factual info, then what kind of test would be most effective ✔️ short objective test such as multiple choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank
authentic assessment types are ✔️ projects, observations, checklists, anecdotal records, portfolios, self-assessment, peer assessment
type of test that measures student's ability to analyze an event, compare and contrast two concepts, make predictions about an experiment, or evaluate a character's actions. ✔️ teacher made essay test
this type of standards identifies the desired level of proficiency at which educators want a content standard mastered...also referred to as "student academic achievement standards" ✔️ performance standards
NAEP stands for ✔️ national assessment of educational progress
the NAEP measures what ✔️ U.S. students' level of academic achievement over time and is also an external check of the state's achievement
which of the following provide teachers with a clearer picture of what it is student can or can't do, NRT or CRT ✔️ CRT
assessment accommodations or alterations for those with disabilities are ✔️ presentation, response, setting, and timing/scheduling
this is a procedure or practice that permits students with disabilities to have equitable access to instructions and assessments ✔️ accommodations
After constructing a test essay question, why should the teacher know and write an ideal response? ✔️ 1. to identify with the question and student 2.to establish a standard for grading
- to ensure the question is the most effective stimulus to obtain the answer
Words like never and always are examples of absolutes that should be used in true/false questions. (T/F) ✔️ false
There are two broad categories of multiple-choice questions. One is a free standing that contains all the info necessary. The other type of MC questions are ✔️ based on a short essay or narrative
What is the opening statement in a multiple choice question called? What are the choices that follow a MC question called? ✔️ stem, alternatives
has to do with whether the assessment instrument measures what it is supposed ✔️ validity
___ test is one that does not unfairly favor a particular group of people ✔️ unbaised
these measures are used frequently for determining certain information in assessment and deal with mean, median, and mode ✔️ measures of central tendency
___ is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set ✔️ standard deviation
___ is hte total number of correct responses on an assessment ✔️ raw score
___ scores usually are derived from percentile and compare test performance using nine intervals that are numbers in order 1 to 9 ✔️ stanine
Suppose a 4th grade student receives a grade equivalent score of 6.2 on reading assessment. Does this mean that the student is ready for 6th grade reading material? Why or Why not? ✔️ No, the score reflects the performance on the assessment matching the estimated performance of an average student in the 2nd month of sixth grade on the same assessment
true or false: A grade equivalent score of 7.6 obtained by a 4th grader on a standardized math test means that the 4th graders can do math at the 7th grade level. ✔️ false
Which of the following are part of formative assessments and which are part of summative assessments: progress reports, report card grades ✔️ progress reports are part of formative assessments and report card grades are part of summative assessments
true or false: When making a true-false question on an assessment, it is acceptable to copy statements from a book ✔️ false
Norm-Referenced Tests ✔️ compare students based on a normative sample of students who have already completed the test. Students are then ranked to see where they land on the bell-curve.
Which tests limit the number of students who can score well?
Sequential language acquisition occurs when? ✔️ A student learns a second language after mastering the first
The educator has legal obligations to protect a student from ✔️ an abusive home environment, but is not required to report the abuse through the state of Florida code of ethics.
An example of cognitive learning theory in practice would be? ✔️ using a manipulative to teacher math for students under the age of 11.
According to the operant model in behavior theory, negative reinforcement is... ✔️ removing a stimulus which causes a behavior to increase. All reinforcement increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
Students diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder would not exhibit a delay in... ✔️ physical growth
Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency Test ✔️ the aspects of language proficiency strongly related to literacy and academic achievement
Willig and Lee Four Stages of Development (ESOL) ✔️ pre-production, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) ✔️ assists the students in the transition from a language arts program in which the content is made comprehensible through the use of ESOL strategies
Scaffolding (ESOL) ✔️ students should be provided with steps of learning that allow for consolidation and success.
CLOZE Testing ✔️ students draw on several language skill areas. These are reading tests that provide an indication of overall language ability and consist of passages from which words are omitted at regular intervals
A transition statement is used for... ✔️ informing a student of what the expected tasks are as the class moves from one subject to another
A ridirect occurs when... ✔️ a teacher asks one student to react to the response of another student
High-Ordered Activity.... ✔️ tests the students ability to apply information, evaluate information, and create new information
Transitions allow students to... ✔️ be aware of future events, topics, and expectations. It helps them with the pace of the classroom and the teaching
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? ✔️ it has been shown that students can internalize what a teacher expects of them and will perform at that level, whether its positive or negative.
Kallison Jr found that retention was increased when a teacher... ✔️ provided an outline detailing what would be discussed during a lesson and a summary of the lesson at the end
In inductive teaching... ✔️ the students are provided with examples and non-examples are are expected to derive the definition from this information.
in Deductive teaching, the teacher provides ✔️ various examples
A discovery learning lesson is... ✔️ one where the class is organized to learn through their own active involvement in the lesson
Egrule method ✔️ moves from specific example to general rules or definitions
Who wrote the book, "Orbis Pictus"? ✔️ Comenius. He believed in using the senses to assist the intellect
Oral language proficiency is easily acquired through... ✔️ daily living experiences
According to James Cummins, reading and listening are... ✔️ receptive skills which always exceed the productive skills of speaking and writing
The goal of the maintenance bilingual education model is to... ✔️ maintain that native language of the second-language learned.
According to Krashen and Terrell, the topic centered language approach...
