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Fuel and Combustion/Petroleum/Industrial Chemistry/Chemistry, Study notes of Chemistry

Welcome to a comprehensive online resource where you can explore the captivating world of Fuel and Combustion, with a particular focus on the dynamic field of Petroleum Chemistry. Our study notes provide an in-depth look at the science and applications behind one of the most critical aspects of industrial chemistry. **What to Expect:** 1. **Petroleum Insights:** Discover the fascinating realm of petroleum, often referred to as "black gold." We delve into the composition, origins, and extraction of this vital resource, as well as its various fractions, including gasoline, diesel, and petrochemicals. 2. **Fuel Formation:** Explore the intricate processes that transform crude oil into an array of essential fuels. From distillation to cracking and reforming, you'll gain a solid understanding of how a diverse range of fuels are produced.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 10/25/2023

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bg1
Vnat
3i
fuel
and
Cornbuali
fucli
fuel
is
a
tombusltble.
subslencg
Canlaining
Carbona
main
cons
t<uent
Condie
buaning
gies
+Chasaceaistics
sfgradfuel:
aMOunt
heat
heat
Lohidh
can
LISed
eeonpnica
l
lo
donestic
amd
indutial
Page N.
AL
kula
shaula
e
igh
caloritic
value.
á)fuel
should
have
Ios
ctten
noN.Conbustele
natea
eike
ashdQnd o
moisuie
conteh.
3)fuel
should
be
geadily
aUaflade
in
buk
ot
cheap
gate.
Quel
auld
be
s
fhel
skauld
have
dl
saaion
teropeatue
Cause
apsnhanerusy
and
Conttoye
to
Aaom
tatbaut
(anf
entemal
heallag
Lon
a
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Vnat 3i fuel and Cornbuali

fucli fuel is a tombusltble. subslencg

Canlaining Carbona^ main^ cons^ t<uent Condie buaning gies

+Chasaceaistics sfgradfuel:

aMOunt heat heat (^) Lohidh can LISed eeonpnica^ l^ lo^ donestic^ amd indutial

Page N.

AL kula shaula e igh caloritic value.

á)fuel should have Ios ctten noN.Conbustele natea eike ashdQnd o moisuie conteh.

3)fuel should be geadily aUaflade in buk
ot cheap gate.

Quel auld be

s fhel skauld have dl saaion teropeatue

Cause

apsnhanerusy and Conttoye to Aaom

tatbaut (anfLon entemal heallag

a

’ (^) Hence. (^) Sdeal (^) quel shauld (^) have medenate ignitBon empexatue.

OccunAnce

Classtlicaten s qual en the bast

Nataal ucls

Ihise fuels ane devived

These (^) quels (^) pretent (^) ata (^) amd

fuels

uels

tele

Sslid

Page No Date

etk.

Egamplas:Chaxca, Cahe, Kesnsene cke.

ond Petbnlcan Naknal Chorcol hol Poat Cudeai! Diesel

prepaned

LiquidGasesus

Coal

lales gas

(y hey (^) buan (^) LotHhlin (^) clinkex

(omatn.

’34 s (^) the (^) mast (^) Camsnly (^) usecd (^) amd

eastly obtainable Solidl ucl

auantikes.

which (^) has (^) been (^) used ox Sn (^) mda Centu^ es. ohih is (^) ava lable m

Page No Date

aod (^) consist of cellulose. ,^ lignin, (^) xesin,

îno1ganic mateial and iate!

The òater cotent

vaies fom 25-60%

depedig

The Cormpositinm Carbm

Nitoen

cut.

Ash

Britieh

’Jhe caleilie vlue o LaoDd Nanles m

4000 GIU H6480 U.Beaause, o(o

caloritic value. st is uied mostly

o dornesie heat

4 had widely

mateial for As a Sounce^ of^ celulse.^ sl^ is^ used

Aduant

matrial qor ther qucls.

CJhe

) The aDeut sf ash ash Qnd soot poduce alte (^) bugnin is (^) Smalo ane

desivateves , has becn used în africutBune.

Disadyantages

Content Value

ttne

Puga No.

uyS has easonable caloite alue uttable.

slatet

eaatly ab avatlable.

ohih deeeases

donastieyequiernents.

caloite

Lo aiie Value oy Net

st is calaikic^ va^ luet

he (^) at delined^ as^ he^ arnom Volvo (^) hen

tempentne.

Cornbus6/ (^) produch

pomite o escape.

be caleulated Qs

Y

H Mean Caloittc lue i

Mean caloi'c alue

Tötal calenie

Leroer" (^) than (^) qass (^) bayilic alue.

wherey

unit mass

Qre

We Massnde

Wates

.ftnal temp:

s

nges an

Caloemee

Page No Date

Detemlnattn o calnilic ale by

Bonb Calorieter Bomb Caloxinefe^ is^ use^ f detenntne caleri<is ualue n soid Cond iquid^ &uels^ exjesimentaly.d bnb Dealeriwneter Lontaln

cylindericalLmh^ made^ by

Cambuston.

Q

tainkss steal,ombustortakes

place fn^ this^ cyindet
Jhe lid:^ cortalns^ teoo^
seinles

Steel ahs electoes.

Jhe ec^ tryode^ is^ attaohed coilh

Small ni^ abich^ support^

Ni oY Staines stesl^ made^ cyucible. Jhe bornb^ iSis^ aken^ in^ Qa^ coppeT calorimedes shich^ is^ sun0^ Unde^ d^ bt

aN and^ oates^ jacket^ to^ pxeuent

heat oss^ by^ gadiafion.

Jhe coppe

electrica Uspeyated^ sfoner^

and

Beckmahs hermomele

Ucalorielen also^ Cortain

eucible a ann amaunt uel s^ _elaceo^0 the^ i^ or

ile steel cNUcihle oaehs
Anewanetiun oire touche,

Coal i

oithvuplez orgonie matlee

eater,

de

omount

anic mate'.

fot (^) me dby (^) the burial (^) patl

ical ages. hat

emConveat hern ina coal.

A -hat^ prassue

Jhe long 4 sle changs oe initated

endestoy Cnd he Upresqne nt and

mas cyust at (^) above,anirued han

tak easlly brekabie and gitable nass ealed^ crnal

lhaattnn pooportln s plant Conpne nt Cause ceettpe coal Ymmat&n Coal is dasiied Nto main^ pe

Qmun sf^ Aenf^ 'eneiy^ caal^ can^

pnduee.