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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FINAL EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.
B, E, & F
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of American nursing?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Lavina Dock
D. Florence Nightingale
D. Florence Nightingale
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a lost of consciousness in the emergency room. The
nurse anticipates preparing the pt for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition reflects which aspect of nursing?
A. The art of nursing
B. The science of nursing
C. The caring aspect of nursing
D. The holistic approach to nursing
B. The science of nursing
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment
B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
Insulin
Removes excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver.
A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest
C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin
D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer
F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school
A, B, and C
Postpartum Urinary System Adaptations
-GFR and renal flow rate increases
-Loss of voiding sensation
-Postpartum diuresis
When the newborn cheek is touched, the cheek turns toward the stimulus
Rooting
Overweight BMI
25 mg/dL
How many patient identifiers is required, and what are they?
2
Name and date of birth
Pain and anxiety can alter these vital signs
HR, RR, and BP
Method of communication between health care providers about patients (the handoff)
SBAR
When the newborn's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side is extended out
Tonic neck
True or false: Diarrhea is a common concern postpartum
False. Constipation is a common concern if iron is administered
This is the angle for a subcutaneous injection
45 degrees
Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city.
B. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb.
C. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
D. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes.
E. A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students.
F. A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat.
B & C
When does menstruation return after birth for non lactating women?
7-9 weeks
Nursing students should not drink this when stressed
Alcohol
A nurse administers a dose of an oral medication for hypertension to a patient who immediately vomits after swallowing the pill. What would be the appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?
A. Readminister the medication and notify the primary care provider.
B. Readminister the pill in a liquid form if possible.
C. Assess the vomit, looking for the pill.
D. Notify the primary care provider.
C. If a patient vomits immediately after swallowing an oral pill, the nurse should assess the vomit for the pill or fragments of it. The nurse should then notify the primary care provider to see if another dosage should be administered.
Identify goals of Healthy People 2020 related to diabetes
-Reduce the disease and economic burden of diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life for at risk persons
-Reduce disease risk through healthful diets and achievements and management of healthy body weights
True or False: RhoGAM is given to the mom when the mother is positive and baby is negative
False. Mother must be negative and baby must be positive
Chloride normal values
97-107 mEq/L
Degree of stretch of the ventrical at the end of diastole
Preload
When either the palm of the hand or the ball of the foot is touched, the digits wrap around the object
Grasp
pH normal values
7.35-7.
A nurse is administering an oral medication to a patient via a gastric tube. The nurse observes the medication enter the tube, and then the tube becomes clogged. What would be the appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?
A. Attempt to dislodge the medication with a 10-mL syringe.
B. Notify the primary care provider.
C. Remove the tube and replace it with another tube.
D. Flush the tube with 60 mL of water.
A. If medication becomes clogged in a gastric tube, the nurse should attach a 10- mL syringe on the end of the tube and pull back and lightly apply pressure to the plunger in a repetitive motion to attempt to dislodge the medication. If the medication does not move through the tube, the nurse should notify the primary care provider, who may request the tube be replaced.
HCO3 normal values
22-26 mEq/L
When does menstruation return for lactating women?
It's dependent on breast feeding frequency and duration. Anywhere from 2- months.
A nurse is teaching a novice nurse how to provide culturally competent care to patients in a culturally diverse community health clinic. Although all of the following are important to providing culturally competent nursing care, which one is most basic?
A. Learning the predominant language of the community
B. Obtaining significant information about the community
C. Treating each patient at the clinic as an individual
D. Recognizing the importance of the patient's family
C
A nurse witnesses a street robbery and is assessing a 26-year-old female patient who is the victim. The patient has minor scrapes and bruises and tells the nurse, "I've never been so scared in my life." What other symptoms would the nurse expect to find related to the fight-or-flight response to stress? Select all that apply.
A. Increased heart rate
B. Decreased muscle strength
C. Increased mental alertness
D. Increased blood glucose levels
Jean's attorney was careful to explain in her defense that Jean had specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgment and had met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental association, as a result of which she was granted recognition in a specified practice area. What is this sort of credential called?
A. Accreditation
B. Licensure
C. Certification
D. Board approval
C
Factors affecting the heart rate
-Age
-Sex
-Exercise
-Fever
-Medications
-Hypovolemia/dehydration
-Stress
-Position
Normal total serum Calcium level
8.6-10.2 mg/dL
A medication order reads: "K-Dur, 20 mEq po b.i.d." When and how does the nurse correctly give this drug?
A. Daily at bedtime by subcutaneous route
B. Every other day by mouth
C. Twice a day by the oral route
D. Once a week by transdermal patch
C
Questions to ask before taking temperature
-Food
-Beverages
-Gum
-Drinking/Smoking
Magnesium normal values
1.3-2.3 mEq/L
A nurse is interviewing a patient who just received news that he has pancreatic cancer. The patient tells the nurse that getting cancer could never happen to him. Which defense mechanism is this patient demonstrating?
patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication?
A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders.
B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication.
C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug.
D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions.
D. Nurses are legally responsible for carrying out the orders of the physician in charge of a patient unless an order would lead a reasonable person to anticipate injury if it were carried out. If the nurse should have anticipated injury and did not, both the prescribing physician and the administering nurse are responsible for the harms to which they contributed.
Phosphate normal values
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Normal ionized serum calcium level
4.5-5.1 mg/dL
Base excess or deficit values
-2 to +2 mMol/L
A patient tells the nurse that she would like to use a mechanical barrier for birth control. Which method might the nurse recommend?
A. Diaphragm
B. Oral contraceptive pills
C. Depo-Provera
D. Evra patch
A The diaphragm is the only barrier method of contraception listed; all the other methods are hormonal.
Serum Bicarbonate
25-29 mEq/L
A female patient who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer tells the nurse, "The treatment for this cancer is worse than the disease itself. I'm not going to come for my therapy anymore." The nurse responds by using critical thinking skills to address this patient problem. Which action is the first step the nurse would take in this process?
A. The nurse judges whether the patient database is adequate to address the problem.
B. The nurse considers whether or not to suggest a counseling session for the patient.
C. The nurse reassesses the patient and decides how best to intervene in her care.
D. Asking, "Are you Mr. Brown?"
A
PO2 normal values
80-100 mm Hg
Prenatal vitamins, immunizations, providing education on health habits
Primary prevention
A nurse is assessing a 15-year-old female patient who is diagnosed with anorexia. Following the assessment, the nurse recommends that the patient meet with a nutritionist. This action best exemplifies the use of:
A. Clinical judgment
B. Clinical reasoning
C. Critical thinking
D. Blended competencies
A
What are verbal, nonverbal, written, and electronic?
Types of communication
Bradykinin
-Causes loval vasodilation
-Stimulates nerve endings to cause pain
-Causes the release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane
This is what the body does in response to stressors
Adapt
This organ needs 25% of our bld supply and is affected with a decrease in perfusion
Kidneys
A medication order reads: "Hydromorphone, 2 mg IV every 3 to 4 hours PRN pain." The prefilled cartridge is available with a label reading "Hydromorphone 2 mg/1 mL." The cartridge contains 1.2 mL of hydromorphone. Which nursing action is correct?
A. Give all the medication in the cartridge because it expanded when it was mixed.
B. Call the pharmacy and request the proper dose.
C. Refuse to give the medication.
D. Dispose of 0.2 mL correctly before administering the drug.
D. Many cartridges are overfilled, and some of the medication needs to be discarded. Always check the volume needed to provide the correct dose with the
