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G E O R G E T T E ' S Module 4 2025 EXAM
List Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development WITH ages & virtues
- Trust vs Mistrust (0-1, HOPE)
- Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (1-3, WILL)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6, PURPOSE)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12, COMPETENCY)
- Identify vs. Role Confusion (12-20, FIDELITY)
- Intimacy vs Isolation (20-35, LOVE)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (35-65, CARE)
- Integrity vs. Despair (>65, WISDOM) Trust vs Mistrust (favorable vs unfavorable outcome)
- Form relationships/hope for future/trust in others/faith in environment
- Suspicion, fear for future Trust vs Mistrust: Virtue & age range Hope 0 - 1 Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt: (favorable vs unfavorable outcome)
- Self-control/esteem, Willpower/Sense of adequacy
- Feelings of shame/doubt Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt: Virtue & Age
Will 1 - 3yr Initiative vs Guilt: (favorable vs unfavorable outcome)
- Ability to "self-start", initiate activity, goal formation, sense of purpose
- Sense of guilt Initiative vs Guilt: Age & Virtue Purpose 3 - 6yr Industry vs Inferiority: (favorable vs unfavorable outcome) Heavily influenced by peers******
- Sense of competency/achievement in play & schoolwork, pride in abilities
- inferiority to understanding/organizing Industry vs Inferiority is heavily influenced by.... PEER RELATIONSHIP, proficiency at play /school work to develop competency Industry vs Inferiority: Age & Virtue 6 - 12yr Competency
35 - 65yr Integrity vs Despair: (favorable vs unfavorable outcome)
- Fulfillment of one's life, willing to face death, INSIGHT, balanced life, sense of integrity
- Dissatisfaction with life, despair over prospect of death Integrity vs Despair: Age & Virtue
65 yr Wisdom Typical age of onset for intellectual ability infancy, usually evident at birth Typical age of onset for ADHD Early childhood (per DSM by age 12) Typical age of onset Schizophrenia Men 18- 25 Females 25- 35 Typical age of onset for MDD Late adolescence to young adulthood
- more common in Females Typical age of onset for Dementia
Piaget vs Erikson question, do you go by age or stage? Erikson, KNOW THE AGE Piaget, go by presentation for stage Test taking strategy, for Piaget & Freud questions if all answer choices related to Piaget or Freud tells you the behavior is wrong, but one that is normal--> answer is that one What are Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development, with age Sensorimotor (0-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete (7-12) Formal Operations (12-adult) Sensorimotor 4 key things plus age 0 - 2yr Object permanence Object constancy Stranger anxiety
Piaget Preoperational (2-7yrs) begin to develop words At what stage do you see Egocentrism, and what is it? Piaget, Preoperational (2-7yr)
- trouble seeing from other's point of view, only sees from THEIR point of view
- believes all the world sees like them At what stage do you see Magical thinking & Make-Believe play, and what are they?? Piaget, Preoperational (2-7yrs) when someone thinks their thoughts affect things around them Ex. child thinks, "if I think about a Christmas dress, my mom will buy it for me" At what stage do you see Object permanence & Object constancy? Sensorimotor, Piaget, 0-2yr Concrete Operational 2 key things, plus age 7 - 11yr Conservation Reversability think "concrete" thinking, if you ask what they see, they will tell you strictly only what they see, only seeing things from PHYSICAL POV
Conservation, what is it and where do you see it? Piaget, Concrete stage, age 7-11yr
- Ability to recognize that although shape of an object may change, it'll maintain characteristics that enable it to be that object Ex. Plastic cup, hit it & it expands. The properties do not change Ex. 500cc water, pour into large container. Understanding that it's still the same amount Reversability, what is it and where do you see it? Piaget, Concrete (7-11yr) Realization that one thing can turn into another & back again Ex. Water Formal operations, key things & ages 12 to adulthood Abstract thinking, ability to think abstractly in a formal logical manner Abstract thinking, where do you see it & what is it? Piaget, Formal operations (12-adulthood) ability to think abstract Ex. science project, testing hypothesis****** Example of abstract thinking (Piaget, Formal) Science project, testing hypothesis
Failure of the Latency stage is linked to what psych disorder? Inability to form social relationships Failure of the Genital stage is linked to what psych disorder? Sexual perversion disorders (ex. paraphilia) Anal stage, Key things & age Freud, 18mo-3yr Sphincter control & activities w/ expulsion & retention Anus/bowel & bladder control Phallic stage, key things & age Freud 3-6yr Genitals & Masturbation
- Exhibitionism (displaying genitals in public)
- Masturbation w/ focus on Oedipal conflict
- Castration anxiety
- Female fear of loss of maternal love Latency phase, key things & age Freud, 6yr-puberty Repression of sexual feelings Peer relationships Learning/motor skills development
Socialization Genital phase, key things & age Freud, Puberty forward Maturation of sexual orientation Primary genital-based sexuality Test taking strategy: if you have to choose between cognitive therapy vs CBT, choose... CBT, combo of behavioral therapy & cognitive therapy Test taking strategy: for therapy questions, remember the type of therapy, no therapist who invented it Remember DBT decreases..... RISK OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS* founded by Marsha Linehan Motivational interviewing is ______ and _________-______ therapy focused goal-directed Motivational interviewing is built on....******
- PATIENT does most of the talking
- Gives practitioner opportunity to learn what pt cares about Ex. I understand you have concerns of your drinking. Can you tell me about them? vs. Are you concerned about your drinking? Affirmations: what is it a part of? what are characteristics of it? Motivational Interviewing Make affirmations (Compliments/Statements of appreciation_
- Helps to build rapport/validate/support pt Most effective when pt's strengths & efforts for change are noticed Ex. "I appreciate that it took a lot of courage for you to discuss your drinking with me today" Ex. "You appear to have a lot of resourcefulness to have coped w/ these difficulties for the past few years" Ex. Thank you for hanging in there with me. I appreciate this is not easy for you to hear. Reflections: what is it a part of? what are characteristics? Motivational Interviewing Amplifies/reinforces desire to change Rephrasing statements to capture feelings/meaning of pt Continual exploration to understand motivations to change Ex. "you enjoy effects of alcohol & how it helps to destress you, but you're beginning to worry about the impact it has on your health. You thought you had it under control until you found out it affected your health & your gf made a few comments that made you doubt your control" Summarizing: What is it a part of? what are characteristics? Motivational Interviewing Ensuring mutual understanding of discussion so far
- Links discussion/checks in with pt
- Points out discrepancies b/w current situation/future goals
- Demonstrates listening/understanding the pt's perspective Transtheoretical Model for Change 6 stages include..
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Relapse Precontemplation stage Transtheoretical Model of Change, Step 1
- NOT AWARE of problem
- NO INTENTION to change Action step for Precontemplation (Transtheoretical Model)
- Provide info & feedback to raise person's awareness of problem & possibility of change
- DO NOT GIVE PRESCRIPTIVE ADVICE Contemplation stage Transtheoretical Model of Change THINKING ABOUT CHANGE
Maintenance stage Transtheoretical Model for Change BEHAVIORS to PREVENT RELAPSE Action step for Maintenance Stage (Transtheoretical Model) Help person IDENTIFY possibility of RELAPSE & use STRATEGIES TO PREVENT RELAPSE Relapse stage Transtheoretical Model of Change WHEN was your last relapse? WHAT LED to your relapse? What are your PLANS for avoiding relapse? Action step for Relapse Stage (Transtheoretical Model) Help person holistically look at the situation to prevent relapse Cognitive therapy was founded by Aaron Beck Cognitive therapy goal is to... CHANGE IRRATIONAL BELIEFS (neg. thoughts), faulty conceptions/negative cog. distortions
Behavioral therapy focuses on CHANGING MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS by participating in exposure/relaxation/skills training/prob.-solving/role-playing/modeling Cognitive therapy allows clients to view reality more clearly through..... examination of their central distorted cognitions Cognitive Behavioral Therapy aims to... CHANGE THOUGHT patterns, Conscious/Unconscious beliefs, BEHAVIOR to help face difficulties & achieve our goals in CBT, therapist & client work as a ______ to ID client prob, devise strategies to address them, and create solutions TEAM Types of behavioral techniques Journaling Cognitive Restructuring Exposure Relaxation breathing Play script in mind Muscle relaxation etc.
In Existential therapy you must understand the patient's....******* SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE 4 Key things in Existential Therapy Terminal Illness/Suicidal ideation/Transitions SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE SELF-CONFRONTATION Personal Responsibility* Humanistic Therapy was originated by... Carl Rogers Which therapy is considered *Person-Centered???******** Humanistic therapy Concepts of Humanistic therapy self-directed growth & self-actualization
- each person has potential to actualize & find meaning 4 Key words for Humanistic therapy Self-directed growth Self-Actualization
Striving People are naturally GOOD Interpersonal therapy focuses on.... interpersonal issues that are creating distress** what is the goal of Interpersonal therapy?
- help ID & modify interpersonal problems
- understand & manage relationship problems Interpersonal therapy is focused on what type of problems relationship problems List 2 therapies focused on the present Interpersonal therapy & Existential therapy What therapy is time-limited, active, and focused on the present? Interpersonal therapy also focuses on interpersonal distress what is a form of behavioral AND exposure therapy?? EMDR
