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Gastrointestinal Practice Worksheet, Exercises of Surgical Pathology

Long Beach City CollegeSurgical Pathology

The gastrointestinal practice worksheet is a comprehensive document that covers various aspects of gastrointestinal health and disorders. It provides detailed information on topics such as the mechanism of action of common medications used in gastrointestinal conditions, the nursing management of clients with appendicitis, the functions of different parts of the gastrointestinal system, the differences between crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the management of clients on total parenteral nutrition (tpn), the interpretation of bruising patterns, the rationale for using lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy, and the initial suspicion and management of a client presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. A valuable resource for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, who are involved in the care of clients with gastrointestinal conditions. It can be used as a reference guide, study material, or a tool for developing clinical reasoning and decision-making skills.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 07/18/2024

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Gastrointestinal
Practice Worksheet
1. The client is prescribed omeprazole. You know that the intended action of this medication is
to:
Enhance intestinal motility
Reduce esophageal pressure
Eradication of H. pylori growth
Increase stomach pH
2. The nurse is reassessing their client diagnosed with appendicitis. The client expressed 8/10
pain at her last assessment, and now states they has no pain. The nurse did not administer any
pain medication. What is the critical nursing action?
Document the pain score
Assess the client's abdomen
Notify the healthcare provider
Palpate McBurney’s point
3. What is a nasogastric tube?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is a Blakemore tube?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is appendicitis?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the difference between the large and small intestines?
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Gastrointestinal

Practice Worksheet

  1. The client is prescribed omeprazole. You know that the intended action of this medication is to: Enhance intestinal motility Reduce esophageal pressure Eradication of H. pylori growth Increase stomach pH
  2. The nurse is reassessing their client diagnosed with appendicitis. The client expressed 8/ pain at her last assessment, and now states they has no pain. The nurse did not administer any pain medication. What is the critical nursing action? Document the pain score Assess the client's abdomen Notify the healthcare provider Palpate McBurney’s point
  3. What is a nasogastric tube?
  1. What is a Blakemore tube?
  1. What is appendicitis?
  1. What is the difference between the large and small intestines?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

  1. What are the functions of the liver?
  1. What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
  1. What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
  1. Complete the table below.

Feature Ulcerative Colitis Crohn Disease

Location of lesions Affected area Granuloma Abdominal pain Bloody stools Steatorrhea

  1. The blood glucose should be checked every ____ to _____ hours when the client is on TPN.

Gastrointestinal

Answer Key

  1. Answer: D Choice D is correct. Increase stomach pH. The primary action of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is to increase stomach pH or decrease the amount of acid in the stomach. The wall of the stomach produces an enzyme that produces stomach acid. These PPI medications block those enzymes. Although the PPIs are used in combination with antibiotics to limit H. pylori growth, it is the antibiotic that eradicates the bacteria. The nurse should warn the client against long-term use of PPIs since there is evidence that this may increase the risk for osteoporosis-related fractures, hypomagnesemia, and myocardial infarctions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
  2. Answer: C A is incorrect. When a client diagnosed with appendicitis has sudden relief of pain, it is a sign of possible rupture of the appendix. This is a surgical emergency and the client must be taken to the operating room quickly. It is not appropriate for the nurse to document the pain score without further intervention. B is incorrect. It is not appropriate to simply assess the client's abdomen without further intervention. Sudden relief of pain is concerning for rupture of the appendix and requires another action. C is correct. The nurse should immediately notify the healthcare provider of this change in the client's status. A sudden change of 8/10 pain to no pain in the client diagnosed with appendicitis could indicate rupture, and the healthcare provider needs to be immediately notified. D is incorrect. The client with appendicitis will likely have pain at McBurney’s point, but this client is expressing a sudden relief of their pain. This needs to be evaluated for possible rupture, and therefore the nurse should immediately notify the healthcare provider.
  3. Answer: Tube inserted in the nare that terminates in the stomach.
  4. Answer:

Tube inserted through the nose down the esophagus and into the stomach with balloons that can be inflated to stop bleeding esophageal varices. Also called Sengstaken-Blakemore or Minnesota tube. It puts pressure on bleeding esophageal varices to stop the bleeding.

  1. Answer:Inflammation of the appendix Most common age = 10 yearsMost common abdominal surgery in children Perforation more common in children
  2. Answer: ● Small intestines ○ Absorbs nutrients!! ○ Churn and mix ingested food, making it into chyme. ○ Move the food along its entire length (into the colon) ○ Mix ingested food with mucus (making it easier to move) ○ Receive digesting enzymes from the pancreas and liver (via the pancreatic and common bile ducts) ● Large intestines (colon) ○ Absorbing water and electrolytes ○ Producing and absorbing vitamins ○ Forming and propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination.
  3. Answer: Produces bile, albumin and cholesterolConverts glucose to glycogen for storage Converts ammonia to ureaMetabolizes drugs and toxins Produces clotting factors and regulates blood clotting
  4. Answer:Regulates blood sugar Releases glucagonReleases Insulin
  5. Answer:Plays a big role in digestion Produces and releases digestive enzymesTrypsin - Break down proteins Amylase - Breaks down carbohydratesLipase - Breaks down fats Enzymes released into the duodenum
  1. Why is lactulose given in hepatic encephalopathy? Bacteria in the colon digest lactulose into chemicals that bind ammonia. The binding of ammonia prevents ammonia from moving from the colon into the blood. Allows the ammonia to be excreted, decreasing serum ammonia.
  2. A client presents to you with a 2 month history of pain 1-2 hours after a meal, vomiting, weight loss, and general GI upset. The pain is worse when they eat. They deny any blood in their vomit. What is your initial suspicion and why? Initial suspicion would be for a gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcers present with pain 1-2 hours after a meal and the pain gets worse with eating; because that is when stomach acid is washing over the ulcer and causing irritation. Because clients are in pain when they eat, weight loss is common with gastric ulcers.
  3. What client is more likely to require an ileostomy- a client with Crohn's disease or UC? Crohn's disease
  4. Why are clients in liver failure a bleeding risk? Because the liver is responsible for producing clotting factors. When they are in liverfailure, the liver does not produce sufficient clotting factors and the blood doesn’t clot as it should, making the client at high risk for bleeding.