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Definitions and terms related to the human sensory system, with a focus on the nervous system. Topics include free nerve endings, adaptation, pain receptors, myelinated and unmyelinated axons, referred pain, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, olfactory receptors, vision, accessory structures of vision, and various eye anatomy terms. The document also covers concepts such as accommodation, phototransduction, and color blindness.
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most basic structure , simple TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 reduction of sensitivity to stimuli over time TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Nociceptors, these are more common on the skin TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 fast, sharp pain TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 slow pain, generalized pain
Referred pain is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. Pain from deep inside TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 A thermoreceptor is a sensory receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature. Can be within the body TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Touch three groupsTactileBaroreceptorsProprioceptors TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Touch, Pressure, VibrationsFree nerve endingsroot hair plexusMerkels cells - fine touchmeissners corpuscles- light touchpacinian corpuscles- deep pressure lower dermisruffini corpuscles- deep pressure TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Baroreceptors are sensors located in the blood vessels of several mammals. They are a type of mechanoreceptor that detects the pressure of blood flowing through them, and can send messages to the central nervous system to increase or decrease total peripheral resistance and cardiac output. pressure on fluid or gas
The most important sense to most people, it is comprised of the accessory structures and the eye itself. It is able to detect both the amplitude (brightness) and the wave length (color). Light energy is changed into nerve impulses. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Eyelid- protects and cleans eyeLacrimal Gland- Tear gland, lateral and superiorLacrimal Carunkle duct- tear duct, drains fluid to nasal cavityDue to the direct connection of the Lacrimal apparatus to the nasal cavity inflammation of the nasal can " swell the tube closed so we are not draining, this results in watery eyesConjunctiva - anterior portion of the eye , outer surfacesix intrinsic eye muscles TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 fibrous tunic, the outer covering of eyeball TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. prevents light from entering the eye TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Color of the eye, regulates the amount of light that enters the eye TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue in its entirety (penetrating keratoplasty) or in part (lamellar keratoplasty). avascular so ther is not a problem in reattaching vessels of the chance of tissue rejection TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 between thecorneaand the lensAqueous humor, fluid that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the lens and cornea. It is constantly bing formed near the ciliary muscle and is being reabsorbed into the venous system at the canal of schlemm TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 If drainage is blocked, swelling willoccurand pinch off the optic nerve. Treatment is eye drops...
Vitreous humorLike the aqueous humor it helps maintain the sufficient intraocular pressure. this fluid was formed in an embryonic stage and lasts a lifetime. There are three layers to its wall, the outer sclera, middle choroid, and the inner retina TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 Vascular layer, malanocytes, deep TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 inside wall of the posterior cavity, thousands of photoreceptors TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 light intensity, amplitude TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 color, wave lengthblue , red, and green cones
directly behind the pupil, highconcentrationof photo receptors, mostly cones TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 blind spot, its where the optic nerve exits the eyeball TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 photoreceptors to the optic nerve, to the optic tract, to the nuclei of the thalamus, to the protection fibers, to the visual cortex of the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemisphere, note the left eye images go to the right hemisphere TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 focus of light onto the retina TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 Photon
Changes the shape of the lens to view objects at different distances TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 Gradual loss of accommodation TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 Visual phototransduction is a process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the rod cells, cone cells and photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina of the eye. TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 genetically caused, sex linked trait TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 rods are not working well, can be caused by vit. A def. ormalnutrition
damage to eyes, nerves or brainBlindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors. Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness. TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object. Triangulation
