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A denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks repertoire Ahmed had always been fascinated by psychology and took a special undergraduate track that prepared him to sit for the assistants test offered by the BACB. He earned good grades anDexcelled at doing descriptive functional assessments in his practicum. When he got his first job, he discovered that one of his student clients in an elementary school was a Sunni Muslim. Ahmed mentioned this to his parents, who were irate and insisted that he refuse to associate in any way with this student of a rival religious sect. Ahmed is in a very sensitive situation. How should he handle this? refer the family to another BCBA The following are said to be competencies of a behavior analyst:
- Knowledge of socially important behavior
- Technical skills
- Ability to conduct a statistical analysis of data
- Ability to match assessment data with intervention strategies Which one is not a competency?
ability to conduct a statistical analysis of data The following are said to be limitations of a multiple baseline design:
- It may not reveal a functional relationship; even if it is to exist
- Verification of predicted behavior change most be inferred from other behaviors
- The behavior under study must be within the subjects repertoire
- It is weaker than the reversal design Which one is not?
Behavior that exposes an individual to new contingencies, reinforcers, and stimulus controls is called behavior cusp Behavior that is elicited or induced by antecedent stimuli is called respondent behavior Behaviors have if they affect a person's life in a positive and meaningful manner social validity Billy states he did not know that he broke a rule because he could not see the rules. Upon your review you discover the rules were not clear in their writing. This demonstrates which variable affecting punishment effectiveness clarity of rules Breaking down tasks into it's component responses is called task analysis Bribery is different from reinforcement in that bribery is intended to , while reinforcement is intended to benefit the person delivering it, benefit the person receiving it By selecting candy as a reinforcer and deciding that the child can have 3 pieces for every correct response. The teacher has utilized which parameter of reinforcement quantity
Carr and Lovaas (1983) recommended that practitioners experience any punisher personally before the treatment begins for what reason it reminds the practitioner that it produces physical discomfort Functional analysis are conducted within conditions that represent analogue, naturally occurring routines Charles spits on his teacher when he prompts him to complete a toothbrushing task. For obvious reasons, this behavior really grosses out the teacher, who refuses to work with him when he behaves like this. When Charles spits on him, the teacher walks away and allows Charles to leave the toothbrushing task and go to the computer to calm down. As long as he is playing on the computer, he rarely spits on his teacher. What is the most likely function of Charles' behavior? escape and/or tangible Choosing only those behaviors to change that will produce reinforcers in the post-intervention environment is referred to as relevance of behavior rule Computer-assisted measurement of behavior allows the observer to do the following: record multiple behaviors simultaneously, aggregate data easily, and analyze data from different perspectives True or false: Computer-assisted measurement of behavior allows the observer to collect permanent products
following a day at the school. "You're doing fine" is the extent of Dr. Y's feedback to Lois. Lois isn't seeking reassurance or comfort, she wants specific feedback so she can improve. What should Lois do? request more specific feedback from Dr. Y - "is there anything I need to work on?" Dr. Stuart W., a BCBA-D, has been working on Tom's behavioral issues for 2 years. Tom lives in a supported living apartment in the community, and he works at a job with supervision from vocational rehabilitation. Dr. W.'s data shows that Tom frequently arrives late or completely misses work. Tom would rather stay home and sleep; a variety of incentive programs have been ineffective. Dr. W. is wondering if Tom would benefit from counseling. He has a friend and colleague who is a counselor; his plan is to invite his colleague to lunch and tell him about Tom. Can Dr. W. ethically talk to another professional about Tom to determine if the person would consider taking Tom as a client? yes, as long as there is written consent from either Tom, or a guardian Explicit behavior definitions are important in research of applied behavior analysis for the following: replication by other scientists, accurate and reliable measurement of behavior, and comparison of data across studies Extinction may involve an increase in the rate, intensity, and variety of the target behavior Forward chaining, backward chaining and concurrent chaining are commonly used to teach
complex behaviors Functional communication training is considered an antecedent intervention Functional communication training develops that are sensitive to alternative behaviors, establishing operations Graphs illustrating consumer behavior can be shared with... individuals for whom consent to share has been obtained Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency? Heather picks up her phone In a consent form, you should include all of the following: the risks and benefits of proposed and viable alternative procedures, the prerogative of the consumer to withdraw consent, and viable psychopharmacological interventions that may be effective In a multiple baseline design, the functional relationship between the independent variable and the change in the subject's behavior is determined by... observation of behavior change in the treated tier In addition to a control condition, a functional analysis typically consists of what test conditions? contingent attention, contingent escape, and alone
and he appeared to be asleep. After a minute or so, the psychiatrist sat up straight and continued the conversation. It happened again and this time was asleep for 2 minutes. The client was unaware of what was going on, but Miranda was conflicted. What should she do? discuss her concerns with the psychiatrist Most-to-least prompt fading includes: gradually changing the form or intensity of the prompt from most intense to least intense Motivating operations and discriminative stimuli have similar evocative effects on behavior Mr. Moon is conducting a functional analysis with Ira, who kicks his teachers frequently. Mr. Moon is implementing a contingent escape condition. He prompts Ira to engage in a difficult task. Ira kicks Mr. Moon in the shin. How should Mr. Moon respond if he is to implement the contingent escape condition correctly? he should remove the task materials and turn away from Ira for a short period of time Mr. Peterson has been struggling with Arnold, a boy with severe disabilities who hums and rocks back and forth intermittently throughout the day. Mr. Peterson wants to see if these behaviors are associated with any specific activities during the school day so that he can then more closely analyze what occurs during those time periods. Which descriptive assessment method would be the best choice for what he wants to accomplish? scatterplot recording Ms. Carmichael is conducting a FBA for Jamal, a boy in her class who runs away from activities and teachers. Ms. Carmichael began by interviewing her teaching assistants and by participating
in the conversation with them to define the target behavior and to determine what antecedents and consequences she would watch for during her ABC assessment. Ms. Carmichael completes her ABC assessment and finds that running away from tasks and materials occurs most frequently when difficult tasks are presented and that the most common consequence for this behavior is a teacher chasing after him and returning him to the classroom. Sometimes he is required to return to the task and sometimes he is allowed to do a different activity when he comes back to the classroom. What can be concluded from this descriptive assessment? the function of the problem behavior remains unclear Ms. Frieder, who teaches fifth grade at Franklin Elementary School, decides to conduct a descriptive FBA for Amelia. Amelia has been refusing to do her schoolwork lately and has been ripping up her worksheets on a daily basis. Ms. Frieder creates a form on which she will mark specific antecedents and consequences that precede and follow Amelia's work refusals. For antecedents, she will mark one of the following: Math work given, reading work given, spelling work given, error correction given, work that requires writing given. For consequences, she will mark one of the following: verbal reprimand, another worksheet (same worksheet) provided, another worksheet (different worksheet) provided, time out, ignore. She will record these environmental events, whether or not a problem behavior occurs. What kind of descriptive assessment is Ms. Frieder conducting? ABC continuous recording Noncontingent reinforcement involves the presentation of... stimuli with known reinforcing properties that are delivered on a fixed-time or variable-time schedule independent of the learners behavior
they do not have the skills needed to address the problem Reliable data are not necessarily data accurate Sean was responsible for designing an intervention for a fifth grade student who engaged in severe problem behavior consisting of throwing chairs at the teacher when an assignment was given. Sean decided to utilize a contingent physical restraint every time the child threw a chair. Sean is violating the ethical consideration of... least restrictive alternative Select the schedule of reinforcement being used in the example: Shawn wants a new car, so he checks the paper once a day at 8 in the morning hoping to find the car he wants. fixed interval Select the schedule of reinforcement being used in the example: David gets to go to the play room after every 20 minutes that he works on his spelling. fixed interval Select the schedule of reinforcement being used in the example: Shawn wants a new car so he checks the ebay website all day hoping to find the car he wants. variable ratio Select the schedule of reinforcement being used in the example: Jamie gets a candy bar after every 10 questions answered fixed ratio
Self-monitoring is best defined as a procedure whereby persons observe their behavior systematically and record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the target behavior Steven J. is a BCBA who works with clients who live in a group home. He also works with clients in the sheltered workshop they attend during the day. Steven takes data on vocational skills as well as any inappropriate behaviors occurring in the work setting. He is responsible for the behavioral component of the annual Habilitation Plan, and he updates annual assessments. Steven does not have an office in his home so he has been given some file drawers in the special education teacher's classroom at the sheltered workshop. He keeps all of his assessment results and raw data there. The teacher locks her classroom door when she leaves for the day so that the file drawers are safe. Does Steven's system of keeping records meet ethical guidelines? yes, but only if Steven has the only key to the file drawers Stimulus discrimination is acquired by reinforcing responses in the presence of the discriminative stimulus and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the stimulus deltas Stimulus equivalence provides a methodology for efficient teaching-expanding learners' skills far beyond what is directly taught Suggested guidelines for effective and efficient self-monitoring include self-monitoring the most important dimension of the target behavior
an intervening response will be reinforced The presentation of a potential reinforcer on a fixed or variable schedule independent of the occurrence of the target behavior is also referred to as noncontingent reinforcement The primary reason for conducting a functional analysis is to test hypotheses generated via indirect and descriptive assessments The primary reason one might consider using a level system with a token system is that doing so can foster self management The principle of determines the degree to which a person's behavior repertoire maximizes short and long term reinforcers for that individual and for others, and minimizes short and long term punishers. habilitation The procedure that measures behavior after it has occurred by measuring its effect on the environment is called permanent product The qualifications to be considered when utilizing positive reinforcement are the delay between the response and consequence, the stimulus conditions when the response is emitted, and the strength of the MO The reappearance of a response that had not occurred for an extended time interval during extinction conditions is referred to as
spontaneous recovery The term "contingent" as used in behavior analysis refers to the dependent relationship of a particular consequence on the occurrence of behavior and is also used in reference to the contiguity of behavior and its consequences. temporal The design consists of an initial baseline phase followed by an intervention phase followed by a return to baseline All of the above: an ABA design, a reversal design, and a withdrawal design This is the extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation that is different from the instructional setting. setting/situation generalization This is the extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior response generalization Transitivity is demonstrated when an untrained stimulus-stimulus relation emerges as a product of training two other stimulus- stimulus relations What are the elements required for consent? capacity, information, voluntariness What information does a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment provide?
echoic Which form of verbal behavior is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus and does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus? intraverbal Which methods of FBA allow you to confirm hypotheses regarding the function of problem behavior? functional analysis Which of the following is a limitation of total count IOA? provides no assurance that the observers recorded the same instances of behavior Which of the following is a reason not to use permanent product measurement? moment to moment decisions must be made Which of the following is not a factor that influences the effectiveness of punishment: intensity, immediacy, variation, or schedule? variation Which of the following is not a requisite for obtaining valid IOA measures?
- Use the same observation code and measurement system
- Observe and measure the same participants and events
- Observe and record the behavior independent of any influence from one another
- Score IOA while sitting side-by-side with another observer
score IOA while sitting side-by-side with another observer Which of the following is not a suggested training method for potential observers?
- Select observers carefully
- Train observers to an objective standard of competency
- Use a systematic approach to training
- Explicit feedback about data collection as it relates to the hypothesis explicit feedback about data collection as it relates to the hypothesis Which of the following statements describes the definition of positive punishment? the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior Which of the following statements describes the definition of negative punishment? the removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior Which schedule reinforcer assessment consists of two or more component schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect at any given time? multiple Which statement best describes recovery from punishment? after punishment is discontinued, sometimes the behavior that experienced the punishment contingency will recover
