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Name: _____________________________________________
Assignment #2 – BIOL 2404 Lecture
Anatomical Terms Review. Complete the following statements according to the directions given below.
General Chemistry Review
Answer the questions below with the correct term.
- The smallest form of an element is called a(n) ____________________________________.
- Positive particles found in the above are called ___________________________________, negative particles are called
____________________________________, and neutral ones are ___________________________________.
- _____________________________ _______________________________ (2 words) are the particles that are involved in
the formation of bonds.
- The strongest bonds are called _____________________________________ bonds.
- _________________________________________ is a very important molecule to living things, as humans are composed of
70% of this molecule.
- The _________________ scale measures the concentration of _____________ ions in a solution and goes from 0-14.
Macromolecules Review
Part A. Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid.
- Starch 9. Polysaccharide
- Cholesterol 10. _________________ Phospholipid
- Steroids 11. Insulin
- Glycogen 12. Monosaccharide
- Enzyme 13. Cellulose
- Saturated Fat 14. Amino Acid
- Polypeptide Chain 15. Unsaturated Fatty Acid
- Glucose
Part B. Identify the specific molecule (using the words from Part A) from each description.
- most commonly known monosaccharide
- lipid that is in solid form at room temperature
- sex hormones are part of this macromolecule subgroup
- lipid found in liquid form at room temperature
- many amino acids bonded together
- forms the cell membrane of all cells
- speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
- one sugar; monomer of carbohydrates
- monomer of proteins
- provides long-term energy storage for plants
- steroid that makes up part of cell membranes
- helps control levels of sugar in the bloodstream
- provides energy storage for animals
- many sugars; polymer of carbohydrates
- forms the cell wall of plant cells
The Cell Review
Identify the following cell parts by their functions using this Cell City Analogy:
Cell City Analogy
In a far-away city called Collin City, the main export and production product is the steel widget. Everyone in the town has
something to do with steel widget making, and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the
instructions for widget making. Widgets come in all shapes and sizes, and any citizen of Collin can get the instructions and begin
making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city. These small shops can be built by
the carpenters’ union (whose headquarters are in town hall).
After the widgets are constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widgets anywhere in the city. For a
widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export.
Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or
__________________
- consists of cells within an extracellular matrix
__________________
- most widespread tissue in the body
__________________
- forms nerves and the brain
Epithelial Tissue
Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.
Describe the following cell-surface modifications using the table below. Fill in the blank parts of the table.
Cell-surface modification Type(s) of epithelia with the
modification
Function (include a specific organ)
Cilia sweeps mucus and debris up and out of
the trachea
Goblet cells pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Microvilli Increase surface area for greater
absorption in areas such as the
digestive tract.
- Transitional epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other
stratified squamous epithelia?
______________
- How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?
Connective Tissue
What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?
What functions are performed by connective tissue?
How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?
Identify the connective tissues described below.
attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones
insulates against heat loss
forms the fibrous joint capsule
makes up the intervertebral discs
Nervous Tissue
What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?
In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?
How are they structurally different?
- Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
Muscle Tissue
- The terms and phrases in the key relate to the muscle tissues. For each of the three muscle tissues, select the terms or phrases that
characterize it, and write the corresponding letter of each term on the answer line.
Key: a. striated e. voluntary i. attached to bones
b. branching cells f. involuntary j. intercalated discs
c. spindle-shaped cells g. one nucleus k. in wall of bladder and
stomach d. cylindrical cells h. many nuclei l. forms heart walls
Skeletal muscle: ______________________________________________
Cardiac muscle: ______________________________________________
Smooth muscle: ______________________________________________
Integumentary System Review
Using the key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Some terms are used more than once.
Key: a. stratum basale d. stratum lucidum g. reticular dermis
b. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum
c. stratum granulosum f. papillary dermis
_________________________________ 1. layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes
_________________________________ 2. two layers containing dead cells
_________________________________ 3. dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
_________________________________ 4. epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division
_________________________________ 5. layer including scalelike dead cells, full of keratin; constantly slough off
_________________________________ 6. layer named for the numerous granules present
- Match the terms in Column B with the appropriate description in Column A.
Column A Column B
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
- sharp, slender process*
- small, rounded projection*
- narrow ridge of bone*
- large, rounded projection*
- structure supported on neck
†
- armlike projection
†
- rounded, articular projection
†
- narrow slit-like opening
‡
- canal-like structure
- round or oval opening through a bone
‡
- shallow depression
- air-filled cavity
- large, irregularly shaped projection*
- raised area on or above a condyle*
- bony projection
- smooth, nearly flat articular surface
†
a. condyle
b. crest
c. epicondyle
d. facet
e. fissure
f. foramen
g. fossa
h. head
i. meatus
j. process
k. ramus
l. sinus
m. spine
n. trochanter
o. tubercule
p. tuberosity
*a site of muscle and ligament attachment
† takes part in joint formation
‡ a passageway for nerves or blood vessels
