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General Chemistry Review - Prof. Sideris, Assignments of Biology

A review of macromolecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as a review of the cell and its components. It covers topics such as the classification of tissues, the structure and function of epithelial, connective, and nervous tissues, and the characteristics of bones. The document aims to help students review and reinforce their understanding of key concepts in general chemistry, biology, and anatomy.

Typology: Assignments

2023/2024

Available from 08/26/2024

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Name: _____________________________________________
Assignment #2 BIOL 2404 Lecture
Anatomical Terms Review. Complete the following statements according to the directions given below.
General Chemistry Review
Answer the questions below with the correct term.
1. The smallest form of an element is called a(n) ____________________________________.
2. Positive particles found in the above are called ___________________________________, negative particles are called
____________________________________, and neutral ones are ___________________________________.
superior
inferior
superior
superior
posterior
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial
lateral
superficial
atom
protons
electrons
neutrons
reference
anatomical
forward
stand
arms
side
palms
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Name: _____________________________________________

Assignment #2 – BIOL 2404 Lecture

Anatomical Terms Review. Complete the following statements according to the directions given below.

General Chemistry Review

Answer the questions below with the correct term.

  1. The smallest form of an element is called a(n) ____________________________________.
  2. Positive particles found in the above are called ___________________________________, negative particles are called

____________________________________, and neutral ones are ___________________________________.

  1. _____________________________ _______________________________ (2 words) are the particles that are involved in

the formation of bonds.

  1. The strongest bonds are called _____________________________________ bonds.
  2. _________________________________________ is a very important molecule to living things, as humans are composed of

70% of this molecule.

  1. The _________________ scale measures the concentration of _____________ ions in a solution and goes from 0-14.

Macromolecules Review

Part A. Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid.

  1. Starch 9. Polysaccharide
  2. Cholesterol 10. _________________ Phospholipid
  3. Steroids 11. Insulin
  4. Glycogen 12. Monosaccharide
  5. Enzyme 13. Cellulose
  6. Saturated Fat 14. Amino Acid
  7. Polypeptide Chain 15. Unsaturated Fatty Acid
  8. Glucose

Part B. Identify the specific molecule (using the words from Part A) from each description.

  1. most commonly known monosaccharide
  2. lipid that is in solid form at room temperature
  3. sex hormones are part of this macromolecule subgroup
  4. lipid found in liquid form at room temperature
  5. many amino acids bonded together
  6. forms the cell membrane of all cells
  7. speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
  8. one sugar; monomer of carbohydrates
  9. monomer of proteins
  10. provides long-term energy storage for plants
  11. steroid that makes up part of cell membranes
  12. helps control levels of sugar in the bloodstream
  13. provides energy storage for animals
  14. many sugars; polymer of carbohydrates
  15. forms the cell wall of plant cells

The Cell Review

Identify the following cell parts by their functions using this Cell City Analogy:

Cell City Analogy

In a far-away city called Collin City, the main export and production product is the steel widget. Everyone in the town has

something to do with steel widget making, and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the

instructions for widget making. Widgets come in all shapes and sizes, and any citizen of Collin can get the instructions and begin

making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city. These small shops can be built by

the carpenters’ union (whose headquarters are in town hall).

After the widgets are constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widgets anywhere in the city. For a

widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export.

Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or

__________________

  1. consists of cells within an extracellular matrix

__________________

  1. most widespread tissue in the body

__________________

  1. forms nerves and the brain

Epithelial Tissue

  1. Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.

  2. Describe the following cell-surface modifications using the table below. Fill in the blank parts of the table.

Cell-surface modification Type(s) of epithelia with the

modification

Function (include a specific organ)

Cilia sweeps mucus and debris up and out of

the trachea

Goblet cells pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Microvilli Increase surface area for greater

absorption in areas such as the

digestive tract.

  1. Transitional epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other

stratified squamous epithelia?

______________

  1. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

Connective Tissue

  1. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?

  2. What functions are performed by connective tissue?

  1. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?

  2. Identify the connective tissues described below.

  3. attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones

  4. insulates against heat loss

  5. forms the fibrous joint capsule

  6. makes up the intervertebral discs

Nervous Tissue

  1. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?

  2. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?

How are they structurally different?

  1. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.

Muscle Tissue

  1. The terms and phrases in the key relate to the muscle tissues. For each of the three muscle tissues, select the terms or phrases that

characterize it, and write the corresponding letter of each term on the answer line.

Key: a. striated e. voluntary i. attached to bones

b. branching cells f. involuntary j. intercalated discs

c. spindle-shaped cells g. one nucleus k. in wall of bladder and

stomach d. cylindrical cells h. many nuclei l. forms heart walls

Skeletal muscle: ______________________________________________

Cardiac muscle: ______________________________________________

Smooth muscle: ______________________________________________

Integumentary System Review

Using the key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Some terms are used more than once.

Key: a. stratum basale d. stratum lucidum g. reticular dermis

b. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum

c. stratum granulosum f. papillary dermis

_________________________________ 1. layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes

_________________________________ 2. two layers containing dead cells

_________________________________ 3. dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

_________________________________ 4. epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division

_________________________________ 5. layer including scalelike dead cells, full of keratin; constantly slough off

_________________________________ 6. layer named for the numerous granules present

  1. Match the terms in Column B with the appropriate description in Column A.

Column A Column B

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

______________________

  1. sharp, slender process*
  2. small, rounded projection*
  3. narrow ridge of bone*
  4. large, rounded projection*
  5. structure supported on neck

  1. armlike projection

  1. rounded, articular projection

  1. narrow slit-like opening

  1. canal-like structure
  2. round or oval opening through a bone

  1. shallow depression
  2. air-filled cavity
  3. large, irregularly shaped projection*
  4. raised area on or above a condyle*
  5. bony projection
  6. smooth, nearly flat articular surface

a. condyle

b. crest

c. epicondyle

d. facet

e. fissure

f. foramen

g. fossa

h. head

i. meatus

j. process

k. ramus

l. sinus

m. spine

n. trochanter

o. tubercule

p. tuberosity

*a site of muscle and ligament attachment

† takes part in joint formation

‡ a passageway for nerves or blood vessels