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Class: BIO 220 - General Microbiology; Subject: Biology; University: Jefferson State Community College; Term: Fall 2012;
Typology: Quizzes
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the study of organisms that are unicellular or lives in a colony of cellular organisms TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 resistance to boiling TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 antiseptic, carbolic acid TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 "magic bullet" (harmful to bacteria but not harmful to host), chemotherapy TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 penicillin, first antibiotic
inventor of the microscope, discovered microorganisms and called them "little structures" TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 invented single lense microscope, discovered Red blood cells TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 closed vs open container with meat - maggotscreated scientific method TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 the science of classifying living organisms TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 germ theory
DEFINITION 17 Synthetic - contain pure organic/inoganic compoundsComplex/consynthetic - at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable (extracts of animals, plants, or yeastsDifferential - designed to display visible differences among groups of organisms TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 allows bacteria to attach to surfaces TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 A flagellum is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 Monotrichous - looks like sperm, one tailAmphitrichous- two spirals on opposite endsLophotrichous - like an octopousPertrichous - like a piece of lint (tails all around randomly)
Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to Gram- negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain and appearing red or pink. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 allow bacteria to survie extreme environmental conditions TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 Noncellular entities identifiedthrough technicological advances in microscopy and tissue cultureInfectious particles that invade every known type of cellRedirects metabolism of living cells to reproduce virus particlesViral replication inside a cell usually causes cell death or loss of cell function TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Some organisms obtain their nutrients from inorganic sourcesSome organisms require a combination of organic and inorganic sources Parasites (capable of living on the human body derive all essential nutrients from host tissues, tissue fluids, secretions, and wastes
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 Metabolism assembles smaller molecules into larger macromolecules needed for the cell; in this process ATP is utilized to form bonds (anabolism)Metabolism degrades macromolecules into smaller molecules, a process that yields energy (catabolism).Metabolism conserves energy in the form of ATP or heat. TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 -Most composed of protein; may require cofactors-Act as organic catalysts to speed up the rate of cellular reactions- Shape, specifity, function-Active site for target molecules called substrates-Greatly affected by temp and pH TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 a series of reactions (glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, respiratory chain) utilizing molecular oxygen as final electron acceptor
Extraction of energy through anaerobic degradation of substrates into simpler, reduced molecules TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 utilizes the same pathways as aerobic respiration but does not use molecular oxygen; instead other oxidized compounds are utilized TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 used in the gram stain to identify gram positive organisms TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 not responsible for protein synthesis"power house" of the cell TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 Nucleic Acid
controls gene expression TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 code from DNA is used to synthesize an RNA molecule TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 using the information contained in the RNA produce to produce proteins TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 Lac Operon TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 Francis Jacob and Jacques Monod
