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Evolution of Mobile Communication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G, Essays (university) of Wireless Networking

An overview of the evolution of mobile communication technologies, discussing the key features and differences between 1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g. Learn about the introduction of analog and digital signals, voice quality, data speeds, and the impact of each generation on mobile telephony.

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2019/2020

Uploaded on 01/15/2020

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1/14/2020 Communication Technologies - Mobile - Tutorialspoint
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/communication_technologies/communication_technologies_mobile.htm 1/2
Communication Technologies - Mobile
Communication Technologies - Mobile
Since the introduction of first commercial mobile phone in 1983 by Motorola, mobile technology has
Since the introduction of first commercial mobile phone in 1983 by Motorola, mobile technology has
come a long way. Be it technology, protocols, services offered or speed, the changes in mobile
come a long way. Be it technology, protocols, services offered or speed, the changes in mobile
telephony have been recorded as generation of mobile communication. Here we will discuss the basic
telephony have been recorded as generation of mobile communication. Here we will discuss the basic
features of these generations that differentiate it from the previous generations.
features of these generations that differentiate it from the previous generations.
1G Technology
1G Technology
1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication where analog signals were used to
1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication where analog signals were used to
transmit data. It was introduced in the US in early 1980s and designed exclusively for voice
transmit data. It was introduced in the US in early 1980s and designed exclusively for voice
communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are
communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are −
Speeds up to 2.4 kbps
Speeds up to 2.4 kbps
Poor voice quality
Poor voice quality
Large phones with limited battery life
Large phones with limited battery life
No data security
No data security
2G Technology
2G Technology
2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals for the first time. It
2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals for the first time. It
was launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology. Some prominent characteristics of 2G
was launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology. Some prominent characteristics of 2G
communication are
communication are −
Data speeds up to 64 kbps
Data speeds up to 64 kbps
Text and multimedia messaging possible
Text and multimedia messaging possible
Better quality than 1G
Better quality than 1G
When GPRS technology was introduced, it enabled web browsing, e-mail services and fast
When GPRS technology was introduced, it enabled web browsing, e-mail services and fast
upload/download speeds. 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobile
upload/download speeds. 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobile
generation.
generation.
3G Technology
3G Technology
Third generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the new millennium and offered
Third generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the new millennium and offered
major advancement over previous generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are
major advancement over previous generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are −
Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps
Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps
High speed web browsing
High speed web browsing
Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-mails, etc.
Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-mails, etc.
Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files
Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files
3D gaming
3D gaming
Every coin has two sides. Here are some downsides of 3G technology
Every coin has two sides. Here are some downsides of 3G technology −
Expensive mobile phones
Expensive mobile phones
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1/14/2020 Communication Technologies - Mobile - Tutorialspoint https://www.tutorialspoint.com/communication_technologies/communication_technologies_mobile.htm 1/

Communication Technologies - Mobile Communication Technologies - Mobile

Since the introduction of first commercial mobile phone in 1983 by Motorola, mobile technology hasSince the introduction of first commercial mobile phone in 1983 by Motorola, mobile technology has come a long way. Be it technology, protocols, services offered or speed, the changes in mobilecome a long way. Be it technology, protocols, services offered or speed, the changes in mobile telephony have been recorded as generation of mobile communication. Here we will discuss the basictelephony have been recorded as generation of mobile communication. Here we will discuss the basic features of these generations that differentiate it from the previous generations.features of these generations that differentiate it from the previous generations.

1G Technology 1G Technology

1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication where analog signals were used to1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication where analog signals were used to transmittransmit data.data. ItIt waswas introducedintroduced inin thethe USUS inin earlyearly 1980s1980s andand designeddesigned exclusivelyexclusively forfor voicevoice communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are −communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are − Speeds up to 2.4 kbpsSpeeds up to 2.4 kbps Poor voice qualityPoor voice quality Large phones with limited battery lifeLarge phones with limited battery life No data securityNo data security

2G Technology 2G Technology

2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals for the first time. It2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals for the first time. It was launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology. Some prominent characteristics of 2Gwas launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology. Some prominent characteristics of 2G communication are −communication are − Data speeds up to 64 kbpsData speeds up to 64 kbps Text and multimedia messaging possibleText and multimedia messaging possible Better quality than 1GBetter quality than 1G WhenWhen^ GPRSGPRS^ technologytechnology^ waswas^ introduced,introduced,^ itit enabledenabled webweb^ browsing,browsing,^ e-maile-mail^ servicesservices^ andand^ fastfast upload/download speeds. 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobileupload/download speeds. 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobile generation.generation.

3G Technology 3G Technology

Third generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the new millennium and offeredThird generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the new millennium and offered major advancement over previous generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are −major advancement over previous generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are − Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps High speed web browsing High speed web browsing Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-mails, etc. Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-mails, etc. Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files 3D gaming 3D gaming Every coin has two sides. Here are some downsides of 3G technology −Every coin has two sides. Here are some downsides of 3G technology − Expensive mobile phonesExpensive mobile phones

1/14/2020 Communication Technologies - Mobile - Tutorialspoint https://www.tutorialspoint.com/communication_technologies/communication_technologies_mobile.htm 2/ High infrastructure costs like licensing fees and mobile towersHigh infrastructure costs like licensing fees and mobile towers Trained personnel required for infrastructure set upTrained personnel required for infrastructure set up TheThe^ intermediateintermediate^ generation,generation,^ 3.5G3.5G groupedgrouped^ togethertogether^ dissimilardissimilar^ mobilemobile^ telephonytelephony^ andand datadata technologies and paved way for the next generation of mobile communication.technologies and paved way for the next generation of mobile communication.

4G Technology 4G Technology

Keeping up the trend of a new mobile generation every decade, fourth generation (4G) of mobileKeeping up the trend of a new mobile generation every decade, fourth generation (4G) of mobile communication was introduced in 2011. Its major characteristics are −communication was introduced in 2011. Its major characteristics are − Speeds of 100 Mbps to 1 GbpsSpeeds of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps Mobile web accessMobile web access High definition mobile TVHigh definition mobile TV Cloud computingCloud computing IP telephonyIP telephony