IB Biology Topic 3 - Genetics Revision Cheat Sheet
How can databases be used by biologists for the following:
To store the information from the human genome project
To find specific DNA base sequences
To help find the function of specific genes
In the classification of living organisms
Compare the arrangement of DNA in
a prokaryote with that of a eukaryote.
______________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
______________________________
What is the difference between a
karyograms and a karyotype?
_____________________________
_____________________________
____________________________
What are sister chromatids?
_____________________________
& homologous chromosomes?
_____________________________
_____________________________
__
Meiosis – write 3 words to
summarize each phase of meiosis
1. P I
2. M I
3. A I
4. T
5. P II
6. M II
7. A II
8. TII
Mendelian genetics and peas
simple inheritance and punnet grids
Show the cross between two
heterozygous plants. Name the
parental genotypes
gametes
offspring genotype
offspring phenotype
Non-disjunction can cause the
condition called
______________________
To obtain cells for a karyotype analysis
using karyograms doctors use these
two methods:
______________ & _____________
Risks to unborn baby and mother are:
_______________________________
Sex-linked inheritance is when the gene (and it’s alleles) are found on the _____ _______________
Symbols for alleles for Sex linked haemophilia are _______ _______ _______ (only 3)
Symbols for alleles for red-green colour blindness are _______ _______ _______
Dominant, recessive and co-dominant alleles in ABO blood groups
The allele symbols for ABO blood groups are: _______, ________, ________,
Multiple alleles is when ________________________________________________________________
Blood group genotypes can be Group A =_____ or _____ & Group B = _____ or _____
PCR is a technique that can
_______________________________________________________
Gel Electrophoresis can separate
_______________________________________________________
DNA profiling is
_______________________________________________________
Reproductive cloning is
______________________________________________________
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Examples of GMO Bacteria that can be genetically engineered to make
a useful product are:
1. _____________________ to make insulin
2. _____________________ to make __________________ _____
Natural clones occur in many species, examples include;
________________________________ or identical twins.
Therapeutic cloning is
________________________
_______________________
Reproductive cloning by
somatic cell transfer is
________________________
_______________________
Mutagens & radiation can cause
___________________________________
Ethics
Risks of GMO crops
________________________________
Benefits of GMO crops
______________________________
Definitions:
A gene is ________________________________________________
A gene locus is ___________________________________________
Alleles are _______________________________________________
Mutations are ____________________________________________
A genome is ______________________________________________
An amino acid sequence is __________________________________
Base substitution mutations - cause sickle cell anaemia
What are the effects of a base substitution on each of the following
DNA
mRNA
amino acid
sequence
haemoglobin
A section of DNA that codes for a specific trait (a
The location of a gene on the DNA
different forms of the same gene (can be dominant or
permanent changes in the sequence of bases
all of the genetic information in the genes of an
the specific order of amino acids in a
There is a perminentchange in the sequence of basesin the DNAGAG --> GTGCTC CAC
The mRNAcodon transcribed is changed
GAG codes for GLU butGUG codes for VAL
The change inamino acidchanges the
As base sequences are discovered they are added to
A biologist can search for a specific sequence in all the
Correlations can be found between genes and characteristics in the
similarities in the DNA between species can be compared using
Prokaryotes have one single circular DNAmolecule (and sometimes plasmids)no histone proteins are associatedEukaryotes have many linear chromosomesDNA is associated with histone
A karyogram is the diagram, of photoson card, or digital representations.Karyotype refers to the actual
Two chromatids on the same
A pair of chromosomes each containing
Prophase - DNA coils upMetaphase chromosomes line upAnaphase - homologous chromosomes separate. Cell cytoplasm splits DNA coils up Chromosomes line up Chromatids separate
Pp and
P
1PP:2Pp:1
3 pink:1
make multiple copies of DNA very rapidly using heating and
fragments of DNA of
comparing the pattern of DNA fragments which separate in gel electrophoresis
Downs
Chorionic villus
Amniocent
X chromosome (or 'sex
X
X
y-
H
h
X X
R
r
#CLIPBOARD
There are more than two alleles for
#CLIPBOARD
#CLIPBOARD
E.
E.
human growth
a-sexual reproduction / vegetative
Production of cells for use in
the production of a new organismusing an adult cell nucleus
canc
GMO pollen could pollinate wild speciesThere could be unexpected effects
Increased crop yieldreduced use of pesticides (e.g. in pest
