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Centre of Studies for Town and Regional Planning Assignment
Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying
Student Name : MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN AHMAD SHAIFUDIN Student Number : 2019251608 Assignment Number : 1 Course Code : TPS453 Course Name : GIS For Planners Group : A Semester : 2 Name of Lecturer : ENCIK ISHAK BIN CHE ABDULLAH Date Submitted : 08/05/2020 Due Date : 08/05/ Student Contact Telephone No : 0137997479 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this assignment is my own work and does not involve plagiarism. No part of this assignment has been copied from any other source. All material drawn from other sources has been fully acknowledged. This assignment has not been submitted for assessment in this or any other course. Signed : Date : Comments : Date Received From Student : Mark/Grade : Assessed by : Date :
Table of Contents
- Introduction of Geographic Information System (GIS)
- Origin of GIS Style Analysis
- Types of GIS Data Analysis
- GIS Process
- Important of GIS
- Conclusion
- References
ORIGIN OF GIS STYLE ANALYSIS
GIS analysis is mainly known for the inclusion of multiple data layer and the inclusion of spatial characteristics and data analysis. Though GIS style processing is much more popular now since having in development of a variety of powerful software to helps to do it, the use of multiple layer spatial analysis approach was being employed long before the computer was invented, the first use of GIS style thinking is credited to 19th^ century physician named John Snow who used mapping and spatial analysis to halt the spread of cholera during an outbreak in London. He mapped the residences of all the victims of that particular outbreak and found that all the victims were clusterd around a shared well that happened to contain the contaminated water. His brilliant use of spatial analysis was able to stop the spread of the disease and become a great example of how GIS technology and analysis method can be used to solved the problems in the real world.
TYPES OF GIS DATA ANALYSIS
Geographic Information System (GIS) platform can analyses both spatial and non- spatial data. Spatial data which is also known as geospatial data, is a term used to describe any data related to or containing information about a specific location on the Earth’s surface. GIS platform have the ability to analyze many types of data to come in variety of file formats before diving into the world of GIS. To be highlighted in GIS platform, it is important to understand the two major types of spatial data file formats towards the outcome to be able to understand the kind of data that will be working with. This two major types of spatial data file formats are vector and raster. Vector data comes in a layer that is made up of specific discontinuous shapes. They can be either points, lines or polygons. Each individual shape represents a unique piece of data. Vector data is generally used to represent phenomenon that does not continue across the entire space. Vector is then split into 3 different types which is points, lines and also polygons. Point data is commonly used to represent non-adjacent features and to represent discrete data points. Points data have zero dimensions which also making that neither length or area can be measure with this dataset. The examples of the points data is such as schools as a points of interest. Point data are also used to represent abstract points. For example, point locations often represent city locations or place names. So basically, point data is often used to represents cities.
In this picture, it is the view of a polygon datasets which shows the frequency of the fire in an area which is depicted by graduation of color symbology. The second data types is raster, which is a made up of continuous layer of pixels where every pixels has a values. For example of a raster dataset is such as JPEG which is something that involve with photography on a computer. The pixels that make up the image can come in various of sizes which is the smaller the pixels, the higher the levels of details or resolutions the image will have. There are two types of raster data which is continuous and discrete. For example, for continuous raster data are temperature and elevation measurements and for discrete raster data is population density. Raster datasets can also be splits into thematic data, spectral data, and pictures (imagery). Raster datasets is useful when continuous data needs to be represented like one will working with altitude or climatic data. Hence, before choosing in the file formats, it is important to understand on how the data need to be used and visualized.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) PROCESS
This GIS process can be classified as end to end map making process. This process is begin with defining the problems and then define the GIS criteria in needed to solve the problem. It is then import and build the GIS datasets of informations and start to overlay the layers of multiple informations and conduct GIS analysis. After that, the output were generated and the decision is make based on the process whether the problem is solved or not. If the problem did not overcome, the process were refine and start the process again. Define problem Define GIS criteria Import or build datasets
GIS
analysis Output Decisions
3. Urban planning : One of the most importance in the GIS is the Urban Planning. It can be used to analyze for the urban growth and its direction are during expansion. For the example, the data can be used to scale up the growth if the urban areas and help to avoid chaos that can be might be caoused by the congestion. 4. Land use planning : This will depend on the information that provide by the GIS in deciding that which part of the land that should be a subjected to what in the land use. So its become easier to know more what is the crops that will thrive on what part of the land and this helps in the improving of the yields. 5. Surveying : Surveying in the GIS what can see is to providing the information about the lands that can be used during the land survey to determine the vastness of the land and the nature of the soil and the soil structure within in the area. Also its play an important role to deciding what use the land will be put in. 6. Regional Planning : This GIS application can be provide the important data that can be used for the regional planning especially in cases where the different regions need to be put under the different uses. 7. Community development : The community development can be relevant by the GIS that stores many data of them. The data are provide to insight that can be help inform the planning of the community land based on the needs of the community.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, GIS technology is largely computer based that used to manage data. It combines multiple data layers and spatial information to enhance the analysis. The style of the technology predates computers. GIS platform involves the used of different file formats and also the two main types of spatial data that will encounter which is raster layers which are made of pixels and vector layers which nade up of separates shapes. GIS is also a very important tool in landscape design and landscape analysis. In addition, the striking advances in related technologies such as surveying and field data collection, visualizations and database management technology are likely to influence this development of technology.
