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GEOLOGY 101 CORRECT
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
The_figure_below_shows_a_hypothetical_orientation_of_slaty_cleavage.Place_the_thic k_arrows_in_the_direction_of_maximum_stress_and_the_thin_arrows_in_the_direction of_minimum_stress._If_stress_is_equal_in_all_directions,_place_all_thin_arrows. Drag_the_appropriate_labels_to_their_respective_targets.Labels_may_be_used_only_o nce.-Correct_answer~Starting_from_the_top_and_moving_counterclockwise: Thick_Arrow_Pointing_Down_and_Right Thin_Arrow_Pointing_Up_and_Right Thick_Arrow_Pointing_Up_and_Left Think_Arrow_Pointing_Down_and_Left Which_of_the_following_describes_the_orientation_of_slaty_cleavage_and_mineral_grai ns_in_relationship_to_the_stress_applied?- _Correct_answer~Mineral_grains_are_oriented_parallel_to_the_direction_of_the_weak est_stress_applied. Slaty_cleavage_is_parallel_to_the_direction_of_the_weakest_stress_applied. Which_type_of_fold_has_rocks_folding_up_in_the_middle?- _Correct_answer~Anticline(Anticlines_are_also_known_as_upfolds.)
Which_of_the_following_terms_best_describes_the_orientation_of_the_fold_in_Figure_ 1 ?_- _Correct_answer~Symmetrical(The_limbs_both_dip_downward_at_the_same_angle,b ut_in_different_directions.) Which_kind_of_fold_is_visible_in_Figure_3?- Correct_answer~Syncline(Synclines_are_smile-shaped_folds_also_called_downfolds)) Which_fold_orientation_is_visible_in_Figure_2?- _Correct_answer~Overturned(Note_how_the_limbs_are_dipping_in_the_same_directi on,_but_at_different_angles.) A_cross- section_of_a_monocline_is_shown_below._Use_what_you_learned_in_the_video_to_lab el_the_parts_of_the_monocline_and_the_directional_forces_that_created_it. Drag_the_appropriate_labels_to_their_respective_targets.Not_all_labels_will_be_used.
- Correct_answer~Starting_from_the_top,moving_counterclockwise: Uplifted_Sedimentary_Rocks Half_Arrow_pointing_up_and_to_right. Half_Arrow_pointing_down_and_to_the_left. Crystsalline_Basement_Rocks The_San_Rafael_Swell_is_a_large_kidney- bean_shaped_monocline_in_central_Utah.This_feature_extends_for 75 _miles_from_no rth_to_south._The_photo_below_was_taken_from_the_east_flank_of_the_Swell,_lookin g_north.
Choose_the_correct_description_regarding_the_orientation_of_the_beds_at_A,B,and C_in_the_photo.-_Correct_answer~_A_and_C_beds_are_horizontal,B_beds_are_tilted (Beds_in_the_foreground(C)and_at_the_top_of_the_monocline(A)_are_horizontal,w hile_the_beds_shown_at(B)_are_tilted_toward_the_viewer._Due_to_erosion,_all_of_th e_components_of_a_monocline_are_exposed_at_the_Raplee_Monocline) The_parking_lot_of_Calico_Ghost_Town_in_southern_California_is_a_great_place_to_stu dy_folds_due_to_excellent_exposure_and_easy_access._The_series_of_questions_below _focuses_on_types_of_folds_and_their_components. The_photo_below_shows_a_fold_train,_composed_of_two_folds,_and_their_features_ou tlined_by_orange_and_red_lines. Drag_the_appropriate_labels_to_their_respective_targets.Not_all_labels_will_be_used.
Correct_answer~Starting_from_the_upper_left_hand_side_and_working_counter_clock wise: Anticline Shared_Limbe Axial_Plane Syncline (The_photo_shows_a_fold_train_consisting_of_an_anticline_on_the_left_and_a_syncline _on_the_right.The_orange_lines_delineate_a_limb_shared_by_both_the_anticline_and adjacent_syncline._The_red_line_represents_the_axial_plane,_which_divides_the_synclin e_symmetrically.)
Below_is_an_image_showing_part_of_the_Split_Mountain_Anticline_of_Dinosaur_Natio nal_Monument,_Utah._It_is_quite_large,so_we_are_looking_at_only_a_small_portion of_the_anticline's_southern_flank. In_this_photo,_you_can_see_sedimentary_rocks_that_have_been_exposed_by_weatheri ng_and_erosion._Yellow_lines_show_curved_light- colored_sandstone_beds_that_are_exposed_in_canyons_cut_into_the_anticline._Orange _lines_point_out_red-to_orange- colored_dipping_sedimentary_beds_that_have_been_eroded_from_the_upper_part_of_t he_anticline. Concentrate_on_the_series_of_events_that_led_to_the_formation_and_exposure_of_thi s_anticline. Rank_the_following_events_in_order_from_OLDEST_to_YOUNGEST_in_age.- _Correct_answer~Starting_with_Oldest: Sediments_are_deposited_in_a_horizontal_orientation. The_sediments_are_buried_and_lithified_into_sedimentary_rock. Compressional_forces_cause_the_sedimentary_rocks_to_bend_into_an_anticline. Processes_of_weathering_and_erosion_expose_the_interior_of_the_anticline. (Sediments_were_deposited_in_horizontal_layers,_and_then_buried_and_lithified_to_for m_sedimentary_rocks._When_these_rocks_were_subjected_to_compressional_forces,_th ey_deformed_in_a_ductile_manner_by_bending_into_an_anticline._With_time,_the_fold ed_layers_became_exposed_from_processes_of_weathering_and_erosion.)
Fractured_Sandstone_in_Central_Utah ______are_shown_in_the_photo_above._They_are_characterized_by_______sedimentary rock_layers.-_Correct_answer~_faults,_discontinuous (The_photo_shows_numerous_faults,_outlined_in_yellow,that_offset_sandstone_units, outlined_in_blue._The_direction_of_offset_is_shown_by_arrows.) Sketching_in_the_Field,_South-Central_New_Mexico This_photo_shows_a_large_fracture_cutting_through_sedimentary_rock_layers._Imagine you_are_investigating_this_outcrop_and_have_to_sketch_it. Below_are_a_series_of_sketches_that_outline_both_the_fracture_and_sedimentary_rock _layers._The_key_includes_information_from_each_sketch.Select_the_correct_sketch_a nd_corresponding_key_below.-Correct_answer~Sketch# (The_yellow_lines=_Sedimentary_Layers,Red_Line=_Fault.The_arrow_on_the_left_is pointing_down_and_to_the_left_and_the_arrow_on_the_right_is_pointing_up_and_to the_right). Look_at_the_figure_below_that_shows_a_slice_through_Earth's_interior_and_note_the star_at_the_top_indicating_an_earthquake_epicenter._From_the_star,_various_paths_are _shown_to_represent_seismic_waves_stemming_from_that_epicenter.
The_paths_of_waves_curve_(refract)_in_the_solid_mantle._Here,_pressure_increases_wi th_depth_and_correlates_with_seismic_velocity_of_rocks_increasing_with_depth._Some waves_will_reflect_off_the_liquid_outer_core,whereas_others_can_pass_through_the outer_core. Determine_which_types_of_waves_would_be_able_to_pass_through_the_various_solid and_liquid_layers_of_Earth._Label_each_path_with_either_P,S,or_P_and_S(if_either type_of_wave_is_possible)_to_indicate_which_type(s)of_body_waves_could_be_repres ented_by_that_path.-Correct_answer~Starting_from_top.Moving_clockwise. P&S_Waves P&S_Waves P_Waves P_Waves P&_S_Waves At_convergent_plate_boundaries,_two_plates_are_moving_toward_each_other._Dependi ng_on_the_relative_density_of_the_rock_that_makes_up_each_plate,one_plate(the_m ore_dense_one)will_slide_beneath_the_other_at_a_subduction_zone. _Because_the_rocks_of_oceanic_crust_are_more_dense_than_those_of_continental_crus t,_it_is_the_plate_with_oceanic_crust_that_is_subducted_below_the_continent._Volcani c_activity_is_common_at_oceanic- continental_subduction_zones._If_the_two_plates_moving_toward_each_other_both_ha ve_oceanic_crust,then_the_denser_of_the_two(typically_the_older_of_the_two)will be_subducted._Volcanic_activity_is_common_at_oceanic- oceanic_subduction_zones._If_both_plates_have_light_continental_crust,_they_will_colli de,_moving_rock_upward_into_mountain_chains,_and_neither_plate_is_subducted_so_t here_is_no_volcanism.
__________foliated_rock_which_may_result_from_the_metamorphism_of_granite._- _Correct_answer~Gneiss _______a_common_rock-forming_mineral_composed_only_of_silicon_and_oxygen.- _Correct_answer~Quartz ________a_carbonate_mineral_which_is_a_component_of_limestone.- _Correct_answer~Calcite ______a_dark-colored_mica_abundant_in_schist_and_granite.- _Correct_answer~Biotite _____a_common_mineral_of_the_amphibole_group.-_Correct_answer~Hornblende _______a_group_of_mineral_compounds_that_is_the_most_abundant_constituent_of_th e_earth's_crust.-_Correct_answer~Feldspar ______light- colored_mica_which_is_a_common_component_of_igneous_and_metamorphic_rocks.- Correct_answer~Muscovite Given_an_air_temperature_of 86 degrees_Fahrenheit_and_a_dew_point_temperature of 50 _degrees_Fahrenheit,calculate_the_relative_humidity.-_Correct_answer~_26.4% Let's_begin_by_comparing_the_conditions_at_three_different_cities:_Phoenix,_AZ;_Bism arck,_ND;_and_Tampa,_FL._Refer_to_the_accompanying_table_showing_temperature_an d_dew_point_temperature_data_for_each_city_and_use_this_information_to_determine _which_location_each_of_the_following_statements_applies_to.
Phoenix,AZ=Temp_96F_and_Dew_Point_45F Tampa_Fl=Temp_101F_and_Dew_Point_77F Bismarck_ND=Temp_39F_and_Dew_Point_38F- Correct_answer~Phoenix_AZ:City_where_the_water_vapor_in_the_air_is_furthest_fro m_the_saturation_point. This_city_has_the_lowest_relative_humidity. Bismarck_NM:This_city_as_the_lowest_quantity_of_water_vapor_in_the_air. City_where_the_water_vapor_in_the_air_is_closest_to_the_saturation_point. This_city_has_the_highest_relative_humidity._ Tampa_FL:This_city_has_the_greatest_quantity_of_water_vapor_in_the_air. There_are_three_basic_types_of_cloud:cirrus,cumulus,and_stratus.Match_each_of_t he_following_items_to_the_type_of_cloud_it_describes. Drag_the_appropriate_items_into_their_respective_bins.-Correct_answer~Cirrus: Have_a_feathery_appearance.High_white_and_thin. The_cloud_family_found_at_the_highest_altitudes. Cumulus: Comprised_of_globular,individual_cloud_masses. Have_a_cauliflower_appearance. Stratus: Sheets_or_layers_covering_most_or_all_of_the_sky. are_larger_and_have_no_distinct_individual_cloud_units.
Conditionally_Unstable_=_ 8 c/km_and 7 _c/km The_diagram_below_shows_air_flowing_from_the_ocean_over_a_coastal_mountain_ran ge. As_elevation_increases,_air_temperature_decreases. Dew_point_changes_with_elevation._At_point_A,_the_dew_point_is_17ºC._On_the_win dward_side,the_dew_point_decreases_until_it_reaches_7ºC_at_point_D.The_dew_poi nt_is_constant_at_7ºC_on_the_leeward_side. Clouds_begin_to_form_once_they_meet_the_mountain_range_front(windward_side). Here,humidity(water_vapor)_reaches_a_100%_concentration_in_the_air,_meaning_the dew_point_is_on_the_windward_side. Air_temperature_change_on_the_windward_side_of_the_range_follows_the_wet_adiaba tic_rate,but_not_until_the_dew_point_is_reached. Air_temperature_above_the_dew_point_and_on_the_leeward_side_can_be_predicted_u sing_the_dry_adiabatic_rate. Use_this_information_to_determine_the_air_temperature_at_points_B_through_G_on_t he_diagram.Each_point_represents_a_change_in_height_of 1000 meters.Point_B,for ex-Correct_answer~Starting_Windward_or_Wet_Climate A= 27 C B= 17 C C= 12 C D= 7 C E= 17 C F= 27 C G= 37 _C
This_Exploration_will_help_you_visualize_and_investigate_key_topics_using_Google_Eart h™. Open_the_Google_Earth™_.kmz_file_for_this_item. In_the_Places_panel_on_the_left,expand_the_Temporary_Places_folder. Return_to_this_Mastering_screen_and_follow_the_instructions_in_the_yellow_on_the_ri ght. Which_location_is_only_a_significant_source_region_during_the_summer?- _Correct_answer~E Collapse_and_turn_off_the_Source_Regions_folder. Turn_on_and_double- click_the_Fronts_folder.This_folder_contains_a_static_image_of_the_Earth_entitled_Blu e_Marble_along_with_five_placemarked_locations_throughout_North_America. Examine_the_location_of_the_five_placemarked_locations_compared_to_the_visual_evi dence_of_surface_weather_patterns_evidenced_in_the_image_of_the_Earth.Note_the potential_impacts_of_surface_conditions_at_each_location_at_the_time_of_the_image and_immediately_following. Which_placemark(or_placemarks)best_show_the_location_of_a_midlatitude_cyclone_i n_North_America_at_this_time?-_Correct_answer~_Between_placemarks_A_and_B Uncheck_and_collapse_everything_in_7.1_Air_Masses_and_Fronts. Turn_on_and_double- click_7.2,_Midlatitude_Cyclones_and_Anticyclones,_including_Hypothetical_Pressure_Sys tems.
