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Igneous Rock
is one of the three mainrock types. This rock is formed through the cooling and solidification ofmagmaorlava. TERM 2
Metamorphic Rock
DEFINITION 2 arise from the transformation of existingrocktypes,The original rockis subjected to heat and pressure causing it to change. The original rock may be asedimentary,igneous, or metamorphic rock.The word metamorphic means "changed".All metamorphic rocks have "time" in common. TERM 3
Sedimentary Rock
DEFINITION 3 types ofrockthat are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation/combining ofmineralororganicparticles - mostly on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water.broken pieces of rock form piles and are cemented together by other minerals.Sedimentary rocks are pieces of pre-existing rocks. TERM 4
Mineral
DEFINITION 4 crystallinecompounds with a fairly well-definedchemical compositionand a specificcrystal structure. A naturally occurring inorganic substance. A pure version of something.Rocks are usually made of mineralsExample of a mineral is the Peacock Ore. Its chemical composition is clearly: copper iron sulfide.. TERM 5
Inorganic Rock
DEFINITION 5 made of NON-LIVING matter (like minerals and sand)
Organic Rock
made up of once-living matter (like plans or animal) TERM 7
Foliation
DEFINITION 7 repetitive layering inmetamorphic rocks.Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness.The minerals are pressed together in parallel layers. TERM 8
1) Cleavage 2) Fracture
DEFINITION 8
- a smooth break in a rock/mineral. Metamorphic rocks have parallel layers/sheets of minerals within the rock. The rock can break smoothly along these layers.2) a jagged, rough break in a rock TERM 9
Bubbling Acid Test
DEFINITION 9 put acid on the rock to see if it contains carbonite. TERM 10
Rock Cycle
DEFINITION 10 The rock cycle is happening all the time. There is no beginning, middle or end. The common factor is TIME.
cementation
melting the minerals around the sediment that has been squished together. This is step two in forming a sedimentary rock. TERM 17
evaporites
DEFINITION 17 Rocks formed by the evaporation of water. Some common examples of evaporites are: gypsum and halite (which is salt). TERM 18
parent
rock
DEFINITION 18 The original rock from which another rock is formed. For example, the parent rock of gneiss can be either granite or schist. TERM 19
feldspar
DEFINITION 19 The mineral that is found the most in rocks on the Earth's crust. TERM 20
mineral crystal sizes
DEFINITION 20 depend on how long it takes the rock to cool - impacts the size of the mineral crystals in igneous rocks.
fossils
is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once- living thing from a pastgeological age TERM 22
body fossil
DEFINITION 22 remains of the body of the organism (like bones, teeth) TERM 23
trace fossil
DEFINITION 23 remains that show how an organism lived or moved (ie.: footprints, animal poop) TERM 24
fossilization
DEFINITION 24 process by which an animal or plant becomes a fossil (mummification, frozen, carbonization, permineralization, etc) TERM 25
mummified fossil
DEFINITION 25 bones and soft tissue are preserved (but very fragile). Good examples are organisms that lived in the dessert.Frozen fossils are also preserved with soft tissue (extremely rare to find these).
Sediment Sizes
Largest sediment = bouldersSmallest sediment = claySmallest to largest = clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, boulders TERM 32
clastic sedimentary
rock
DEFINITION 32 composed of fragments of pre-existingmineralsand rock TERM 33
1) Siltstone 2) Sandstone 3) Shale 4)
Conglomerate
DEFINITION 33
- Sedimentary rock made from silt2) Sedimentary rocks formed from sand3) Sedimentary rock made from clay-sized particles4) Sedimentary rock formed from various sized particles TERM 34
Texture
DEFINITION 34 describes the way that a rock LOOKS (not feels) TERM 35
Intrusive Igneous
rock
DEFINITION 35 This rock forms from heating and cooling of MAGMA. These rocks form SLOWLY under the earth's crust. Intrusive rocks have LARGE crystals - because it takes a long time to cool.An example of intrusive igneous rock is granite
Extrusive Igneous
rock
This rock forms from heating and cooling of LAVA> These rocks form on the earth's surface. These rocks cool too quickly to form large crystals. An example of extrusive igneous rock is pumice. TERM 37
Mountains and hills
DEFINITION 37 Two landforms that are created by rocks. TERM 38
Rocks
DEFINITION 38 can be made of organic and/or inorganic matter. For example, a rock can be made of: sand, minerals, shells TERM 39
Plate tectonics & rock
creation
DEFINITION 39 As plate converge and create volcanoes - those eruptions can create igneous rocks.When earthquakes occur - rocks can be broken down into sediment, which can be used to create sedimentary rocks.When lava/magma from volcanoes flows over existing rock, it can change that rock into metamorphic rock. TERM 40
Moh's scale of hardness
DEFINITION 40 A scale used by geologists to describe the hardness of minerals. The lower the number the easier it is to scratch the surface of a mineral with a soft object (like a fingernail).Talc - with a hardness rating of "1" can be easily scratched by a fingernail.Diamond - with a hardness rating of "10" is one of the hardest natural substances.
Copper pennies
Before 1982 - mostly copperAfter 1982 - mostly zinc (mineral) TERM 47
mechanical weathering
DEFINITION 47 also known as physical weathering. It is the breaking down of large rocks into smaller rocks. The weathering can be because of gravity (fracturing the rock) or because of erosion (like wind and water). TERM 48
chemical weathering
DEFINITION 48 the chemical make-up of the rock is changed due to chemical impact of the environment on the rock. The rock is exposed to another chemical that chemical reacts with the rock and changes it. For example, a rock/mineral like feldspar that is in the water for a very long time could be impacted by the hydrogen in the water and turn into clay. TERM 49
Geology
DEFINITION 49 An earth science that studies the solid Earth (like rocks and minerals). Includes the structure of the earth (above and below the surface). TERM 50
Properties of minerals and rocks (how to
describe them)
DEFINITION 50 color, hardness, luster, streak, cleavage, buoyancy
streak
refers to the color of the residue left by scratching a mineral on a tile of unglazed porcelain, like a piece of chalk. TERM 52
buoyancy
DEFINITION 52 the ability of the rock to float on the surface of water TERM 53
coarse
rock
DEFINITION 53 you can see the little pieces that the rock is made of TERM 54
phosphorescence
DEFINITION 54 Minerals with phosphorescence can glow for a brief time after the light source is turned off.Fluorite is sometimes phosphorescent (glow). TERM 55
opaque
DEFINITION 55 A description of a rock/mineral = no light goes through it when you hold it up to a light.
