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Standard Geometrical Tolerances: Datum, Tolerance Accumulation, and Conditions, Study notes of Computational Geometry

Magdalen College Computational Geometry

This presentation covers the concepts of tolerance accumulation, datum and tolerance conditions, and provides examples of specific tolerances for slip and press fits. It explains the importance of tolerances in ensuring pieces fit together and provides visual aids for understanding.

What you will learn

What is tolerance accumulation and how is it used in engineering?
What is the difference between a tight slip fit and a loose slip fit?
How are tolerances used to ensure pieces fit together in engineering?

What are the possible tolerance conditions in engineering and how do they affect the fit of parts?
How do specific tolerances for slip and press fits differ from machine tolerances?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Introduction to Standard

Geometrical Tolerance

•Datum and Tolerance Accumulation

•Possible Tolerance Conditions

•Block Example

•Specific Tolerances for Slip and Press Fits

•Machine Tolerances

•Tolerance Block

This presentation includes the following concepts

Partial preview of the text

Download Standard Geometrical Tolerances: Datum, Tolerance Accumulation, and Conditions and more Study notes Computational Geometry in PDF only on Docsity!

Introduction to Standard

Geometrical Tolerance

Datum and Tolerance Accumulation
Possible Tolerance Conditions
Block Example
Specific Tolerances for Slip and Press Fits
Machine Tolerances
Tolerance Block

This presentation includes the following concepts

Tolerance Accumulation

Chain Dimensioning

This allows the most variation in the distance from A to B, giving a total

tolerance accumulation of “.015” giving AB a maximum length of 3.515”.

Chain dimensioning can be used when the tolerance accumulation

won’t affect the function of the object.

Direct dimensioning

This allows the least variation in the distance from A to B, giving a total

tolerance accumulation of .005” and a maximum distance AB of 3.505”

Direct dimensioning should be used to note the distance between two

critical points like A and B. “A” does not lye on the edge, so baseline

dimensioning would not specify the desired length AB within the

tolerance needed.

Possible Tolerance Conditions

Maximum Material Condition ( MMC )-

The shaft is the largest allowable size,

and the hole is the smallest allowable

size based on tolerance.

Least Material Condition ( LMC )- The

shaft is the smallest allowable size, and

the hole is the largest allowable size

based on tolerance.

The shaft tolerance should be (-), in relation to the maximum shaft size,

to prevent the shaft from being to large to fit the hole.

The hole tolerance should be (+), in relation to the minimum shaft size,

to prevent the hole from being to small for the shaft to fit.

Unknown Hole Diameter

How do we find the diameter of the hole needed, that will make sure

the part fits every time, and all other dimensions are any value within

our tolerance?

We Must account for the total tolerances in the distance from the

edge (X) and distance from the bottom (Y) directions. This will give us

the maximum distance (Z) the center can be offset.

Now we can check this solution by solid modeling in Solidworks.

Example Blocks 1

LMC

-Tolerances allow widest fit

The different shades

of blue are used to

represent the block

with holes in it. The

dimensions of the

block with holes are

also in blue and are

on the top half of the

drawing.

The different shades

of green are used to

represent the block

with pins. The

dimensions of this

block are noted in

black and are found

on the bottom half of

the drawing.

Max and Min Difference in Diamter (Gap) Min and Max Overlay Diamter (inches) Tight^ slip fit^ Loose^ slip fit^ Least Press Force Greatest Min Max RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 FN1 FN2 FN3 FN4 FN 0.04 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.60 0.10 2.50 4.00 0.05 0.20 …. 0.30 0. 0.45 0.55 0.80 1.10 1.40 1.80 2.60 5.10 8.10 0.50 0.85 …. 0.95 1. 0.12 0.24 0.15 0.15 0.40 0.40 0.80 0.80 1.20 2.80 4.50 0.10 0.20 …. 0.40 0. 0.50 0.65 1.00 1.40 1.80 2.20 3.10 5.80 9.30 0.60 1.00 …. 1.20 1. 0.24 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.60 3.00 5.00 0.10 0.40 …. 0.60 0. 0.60 0.85 1.70 1.70 2.20 2.80 3.90 6.60 10.70 0.75 1.40 …. 1.60 2. 0.40 0.56 0.25 0.25 0.60 0.60 1.20 1.20 2.00 3.50 3.00 0.10 0.50 …. 0.70 0. 0.75 0.95 2.00 2.00 2.60 3.20 4.60 7.90 12.80 0.80 1.60 …. 1.80 2. 0.56 0.71 0.25 0.25 0.60 0.60 1.20 1.20 2.00 3.50 3.00 0.20 0.50 …. 0.70 1. 0.75 0.95 2.00 2.00 2.60 3.20 4.60 7.90 12.80 0.90 1.60 …. 1.80 2. 0.71 0.95 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 2.5 4.5 7.0 0.2 0.6 …. 0.8 1. 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.0 5.7 10.0 15.5 1.1 1.9 …. 2.1 3. 0.95 1.19 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 2.5 4.5 7.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1. 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.0 5.7 10.0 15.5 1.2 1.9 2.1 2.3 3. 1.19 1.58 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.5 2. 1.1 1.4 2.2 3.0 4.0 5.2 7.1 11.5 18.0 1.3 2.4 2.4 3.1 4. 1.58 1.97 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.8 3. 1.1 1.4 2.2 3.0 4.0 5.2 7.1 11.5 18.0 1.4 2.4 2.8 3.4 5. 1.97 2.56 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5 4.0 6.0 9.0 0.6 0.8 1.3 2.3 3. 1.2 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.9 6.1 8.8 13.5 20.5 1.8 2.7 3.2 4.2 6. 2.56 3.15 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5 4.0 6.0 9.0 0.7 1.0 1.8 2.8 4. 1.2 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.9 6.1 8.8 13.5 20.5 1.9 2.9 3.7 4.7 7. 3.15 3.94 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 0.9 1.4 2.1 3.6 5. 1.5 2.0 3.2 4.2 5.8 7.4 10.7 15.5 24.0 2.4 3.7 4.4 5.9 8. 3.94 4.73 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 1.1 1.6 2.6 4.6 6. 1.5 2.0 3.2 4.2 5.8 7.4 10.7 15.5 24.0 2.6 3.9 4.9 6.9 9. 4.73 5.52 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 3.5 3.5 6.0 8.0 12.0 1.2 1.9 3.4 5.4 8. 1.8 2.3 3.6 4.8 6.7 8.5 12.5 18.0 28.0 2.9 4.5 6.0 8.0 11. 5.52 6.30 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 3.5 3.5 6.0 8.0 12.0 1.5 2.4 3.4 5.4 10. 1.8 2.3 3.6 4.8 6.7 8.5 12.5 18.0 28.0 3.2 5.0 6.0 8.0 13. 6.30 7.09 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 3.5 3.5 6.0 8.0 12.0 1.8 2.9 4.4 6.4 10. 1.8 2.3 3.6 4.8 6.7 8.5 12.5 18.0 28.0 3.5 5.5 7.0 9.0 13. 7.09 7.88 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 1.8 3.2 5.2 7.2 12. 2.0 2.6 4.4 5.6 7.6 9.6 14.3 21.5 34.0 3.8 6.2 8.2 10.2 15. 7.88 8.86 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 2.3 3.2 5.2 8.2 14. 2.0 2.6 4.4 5.6 7.6 9.6 14.3 21.5 34.0 4.3 6.2 8.2 11.2 17. 8.86 9.85 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 15.0 2.3 4.0 6.2 10.0 14. 2.0 2.6 4.4 5.6 7.6 9.6 14.3 21.5 34.0 4.3 7.2 9.2 13.2 17. 9.85 11.03 0.8 0.8 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 8.0 12.0 18.0 2.8 4.2 7.0 10.2 16. 2.3 2.9 4.9 6.5 9.0 11.0 13.0 25.0 38.0 4.9 7.2 10.2 13.2 20. 11.03 12.41 0.8 0.8 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 8.0 12.0 18.0 2.8 5.0 7.0 12.0 18. 2.3 2.9 4.9 6.5 9.0 11.0 13.0 25.0 38.0 4.9 8.2 10.2 15.2 22. 12.41 13.98 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 22.0 3.1 5.8 7.8 13.8 19. 2.7 3.4 5.8 7.4 10.4 13.0 19.5 29.0 45.0 5.5 9.4 11.4 17.4 24. 13.98 15.75 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 22.0 3.6 5.8 9.8 15.8 22. 2.7 3.4 5.8 7.4 10.4 13.0 19.5 29.0 45.0 6.1 9.4 13.4 19.4 27. 15.75 17.72 1.2 1.2 4.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 25.0 4.4 6.5 9.5 17.5 25. 3.0 3.8 7.2 9.0 13.0 16.0 22.0 32.0 51.0 7.0 10.6 136.0 21.6 30. 17.72 19.69 1.2 1.2 4.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 25.0 4.4 7.5 11.5 19.5 27. 3.0 3.8 7.2 9.0 13.0 16.0 22.0 32.0 51.0 7.0 11.6 15.6 23.6 32.

Values of overlay and gap are in thousandths of an inch (.00x)

Slip Fit Info

Tight Slip Fit RC1 Really tight slip fit used for accurate location of parts. RC2 Sliding fit that can turn easily and is used for accurate location. Not intended to run freely and may seize with temperature. RC3 closest fits that can run freely and used as a light journal entry at low speeds. RC4 close running fits, used on accurate machinery with moderate surface speeds. RC5 and RC6 Medium running fits intended for higher running speeds and or heavy journal pressures. RC7 Free running fits where accuracy is not essential or where large temperature variations are likely to be encountered. RC8 and RC9 Loos running fits that is intended for use were wider commercial tolerances may be necessary. Loose Slip Fit

Press and Shrink Fit Info

Least overlap FN1 Light drive fit for light assembly pressures and are less permanent of assembly. FN2 Medium drive fit for ordinary steel parts. These are about the tightest fits to be used with high grade cast iron members. FN3 Heavy drive fits that are used for heaver steel parts FN4 and FN5 Highest stress on material, and should only be used if FN3 can’t work. Most overlap

Standard Geometrical Tolerances: Datum, Tolerance Accumulation, and Conditions, Study notes of Computational Geometry

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Standard Geometrical Tolerances: Datum, Tolerance Accumulation, and Conditions and more Study notes Computational Geometry in PDF only on Docsity!

Introduction to Standard

Geometrical Tolerance

This presentation includes the following concepts

Tolerance Accumulation

Chain Dimensioning

This allows the most variation in the distance from A to B, giving a total

tolerance accumulation of “.015” giving AB a maximum length of 3.515”.

Chain dimensioning can be used when the tolerance accumulation

won’t affect the function of the object.

This allows the least variation in the distance from A to B, giving a total

tolerance accumulation of .005” and a maximum distance AB of 3.505”

Direct dimensioning should be used to note the distance between two

critical points like A and B. “A” does not lye on the edge, so baseline

dimensioning would not specify the desired length AB within the

tolerance needed.

Maximum Material Condition ( MMC )-

The shaft is the largest allowable size,

and the hole is the smallest allowable

size based on tolerance.

Least Material Condition ( LMC )- The

shaft is the smallest allowable size, and

the hole is the largest allowable size

based on tolerance.

The shaft tolerance should be (-), in relation to the maximum shaft size,

to prevent the shaft from being to large to fit the hole.

The hole tolerance should be (+), in relation to the minimum shaft size,

to prevent the hole from being to small for the shaft to fit.

How do we find the diameter of the hole needed, that will make sure

the part fits every time, and all other dimensions are any value within

our tolerance?

We Must account for the total tolerances in the distance from the

edge (X) and distance from the bottom (Y) directions. This will give us

the maximum distance (Z) the center can be offset.

Now we can check this solution by solid modeling in Solidworks.

-Tolerances allow widest fit

The different shades

of blue are used to

represent the block

with holes in it. The

dimensions of the

block with holes are

also in blue and are

on the top half of the

drawing.

The different shades

of green are used to

represent the block

with pins. The

dimensions of this

block are noted in

black and are found

on the bottom half of

the drawing.

Values of overlay and gap are in thousandths of an inch (.00x)

Each machine has a tolerance

grade that relates the nominal

size of the part to an

achievable tolerance.

After you have the tolerance

grade for any given machine. You

use or part size to find the

tolerance that the machine is

actually capable of achieving.