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GEORGIA CATEGORY 41 PEST CONTROL: MOSQUITO
SURVEILLANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2024
Georgia Category 41 Pest Control: Mosquito Surveillance There are over #___ mosquito species in Georgia 60 There are over #__ mosquito species worldwide 3000 $___ are spent in Georgia to reduce mosquito nuisance and disease effect 125 million Scientific name for the Black Saltmarsh Mosquito Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Scientific name for the Brown Saltmarsh Mosquito Ochlerotatus sollicitans What county in Georgia has the largest mosquito control program? Chatham
What is the scientific family for mosquitos? Culicidae What is the scientific order for mosquitos? Diptera What is the lifecycle of a mosquito? Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult What are the larva referred to as? wigglers What are the pupa referred to as? tumblers What is used to identify various mosquito species? Scales and veins on wings What is a signature characteristic of the male mosquito? Bushy antennae and long palpi What is a signature characteristic of the female mosquito?
*Abdomen What is used to identify mosquito larvae? Structure and number of hairs What do mosquito larvae consume? Anything between 1-5 microns When is larvicide ineffective in larvae killing? 4th instar What is larvicide ineffective during the 4th instar phase? The 4th instar does not feed What is a surface film agent that can be used to block breathing trumpets in pupae? Mineral oil Do flight habits vary by mosquito species? Yes Which mosquito has a less than 1 mile flight variant? Anophelines
Which mosquito(s) has a less than 10-20 mile flight variant? Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus What is the most domesticated and common mosquito in Georgia? Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger Mosquito) What is the flight distant of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus)? 100 - 200 yards Anopheles quadrimaculatus Primary vector for malaria in Georgia Coquillettidia perturbans *Unusually slow developing larvae that commonly take air from plants. *The bridge vector for EEE *Permanent pool species Culiseta melanura *Primary vector for EEE *Transient water group species *Usually do not bite humans
*Transmit West Nile Virus in Georgia *Lay eggs in clusters or rafts (50-500) Aedes vexans *Common floodwater/temporary pool species *Migrate 5-10miles from larval habitat West Nile Virus *Transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito to humans *20% of those infected develop.... *Crows and blue jays most vulnerable in N. American strain Eastern Equine Encephalitis *Most pathogenic encephalitis causing virus
50% mortality in humans, 90-95% mortality in horses *Primarily transmitted by the Culiseta melanur mosquito in swamp environments La Crosse Encephalitis *Primarily a disease of children under 15 *Majority of cases occur in August *Mosquito remains infected for life *Ochlerotatus genus primarily transmits to small rodents
St. Louis Encephalitis *Transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus & nigripalpus *Deadliest among those age 50+ *Peaks in late August Malaria *Transmitted by Anopheles quadrimaculatus & crucians *Use of DDT has dramatically decreased cases *Four species of the parasite responsible for causing it How many different species does the Plasmodium parasite have? 4 Dengue *4 varying strands *Transmitted by Aedes aegypti in the U.S. *Require 10 day incubation period before the mosquito can transmit to humans *Mosquito is infected for its life
No What diseases can Culex quinquefasciatus transmit? *West Nile Virus *St. Louis Encephalitis *Dog Heartworm What disease can Aedes aegypti transmit? *Yellow Fever *Dengue *Zika Virus What disease can Culiseta melanura transmit? *Eastern Equine Encephalitis What disease can Ochlerotatus triseriatus transmit? *La Cross Encephalitis What disease can Anopheles quadrimaculatus transmit? Malaria What does an Integrated Mosquito Management program consists of? *Education & Communication
*Surveillance *Source Reduction *Larviciding *Adulticiding DEET is not recommended for children under__ 2 months Most mosquito vectors are active At sunset and dawn Surveillance act of searching for mosquito habitat and population to determine presence of mosquito species and evaluating abundance What is the dip procedure used to determine? Estimate of larval population in an area by # of larvae per dip Source reduction removal or reduction of larval habitats that is most effective and economical; eliminating sites where larvae develop Larviciding
Bacillus thurigiensis (Bti) most widely used bacterial protein that kills instars 1- 4 Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph) long residual effects that works against Culex & Anopheline larvae; Known to cause resistance in some species What has been known to battle resistance in mosquito treatment? Combining Bti & Bsph Example of an IGR Methoprene How does methoprene work? It disrupts the development from larva to adult Methoprene *Disturbs mosquito development from larva to adult *Shown the development of resistance *Used in alternation w/ Btw, mineral oil, and pyrethrums Adulticiding
treating of an area for adult mosquitos and is most cost effective, but not as quality effective as larval stage intervention How are adulticides usually applied? Ultra low volume (ULV) sprays What are the typical sizes of ground applications of adulticides? 10 - 25 microns What are the typical sizes of aerial applications of adulticides? 15 - 30 microns What factors should be considered in adulticiding? *Weather conditions *Nozzle Type *Product used ULV Equipment Calibartion *Simple w/ little equipment req *A watch and 2 containers How often should nozzle droplet size be checked? *After 100hrs of use
What species of mosquito reside in permanent pool environments? *Anopheles *Coquillettidia *Culex salinarius, territans, and Mansonia When does larval production usually occur in permanent pool environments? continuously Where are eggs generally laid in permanent pool environments? On the waters surface What is the effective flight ranges of permanent pool species? Usually within 1 mile Transient water group associated with pools of temporary nature What are examples of transient water environments? roadside ditches, borrow pits, canals, ground pools, clogged streams, irrigated land What species of mosquito reside in transient water environments? *Culiseta *Culex
*Some Anopheles What are examples of the flood water environment? intermittently flood salt marshes, woodland depressions, roadside ditches, vegetated shorelines How are eggs typically deposited in flood water environments? Eggs are laid singly on damp soil What species of mosquito reside in flood water environments? *Aedes *Ochlerotatus *Psorophora When does mosquito production usually occur in flood water environments? they appear and disappear at varying intervals throughout the year and is correlated with tidal flooding What are the flying distances of flood water species? 5 - 20 miles What is the most important salt marsh mosquito that inhabits flood water environments? Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus
Inland Floodwater Mosquito Aedes vexans Southern House mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus
