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Gettier's critique on the JTB (Justified True Belief) theory of knowledge. Gettier argues that while the conditions of belief, justification, and truth are necessary for knowledge, they are not sufficient. two examples, Jones and the job interview, and Smith and the unidentified car, to illustrate this point. Gettier's critique challenges the philosophical community to reconsider the nature of knowledge and its relationship to belief and justification.
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The JTB theory is an attempt to give an
analysis
of the
concept of knowledge. It tries to “break the concept down” bygiving
necessary and sufficient
conditions for knowledge.
A person Q knows that P if and only if:1)^
Q believes that P 2)^
Q is justified in believing that P 3)^
P is true
Let’s first consider whether these are
necessary
conditions for
knowledge
A person Q knows that P if and only if:
Q believes that P 2)^
Q is justified in believing that P 3)^
P is true
First, let’s remove (1). Can we imagine a case in which Iknow something without
believing
it?
A person Q knows that P if and only if:
Q believes that P 2)^
Q is justified in believing that P 3)^
P is true
Finally, let’s consider (3). Can I know something that isn’ttrue? It looks like the conditions above may well be
necessary
to
constitute knowledge. But are they
sufficient
? Gettier doesn’t
think so, and he offers two examples to support his view.
Jones and the job interview. Gettier claims that Smith has a belief that is true andjustified. He does not think, however, that we willintuitively grant that Smith
knows
that “the man who will
get the job has ten coins in his pocket.” Intuition test 1:
Does this case really satisfy the three JTBconditions?
Intuition test 2:
Do we want to say that Smith knows that“the man who will get the job has tencoins in his pocket”?
