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Question Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion [A] and the other is labeled as Reason : Assertion [A] : Circum-Pacific belt, otherwise called volcanic ring of fire incorporates volcanoes of Kamchatka, Mt. Fujiyama etc. Reason [R] : Circum-Pacific belt is a zone of divergent plate margin. In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Type multiple_choice Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A] correct Option [A] is correct but [R] is not correct incorrect Option [A] is not correct but [R] is correct incorrect Solution Circum-Pacific Belt: ● The Circum-Pacific belt forms a horseshoe-shaped zone around the Pacific Ocean, known for high seismic and volcanic activity. ● The assertion correctly notes the presence of volcanoes like Kamchatka and Mt. Fujiyama within the Circum-Pacific belt, emphasizing their frequent eruptions, consistent with the volcanic ring of fire's nature. ● However, the reason is inaccurate; the Circum-Pacific belt is primarily associated with convergent plate boundaries, not divergent. It features subduction zones where tectonic plates converge, leading to volcanic activity. Hence, Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A].
Marks 4 1 Question Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion [A] and the other is labeled as Reason : Assertion [A] : Recently, A 6.3 magnitude earthquake has struck the Herat province in Afghanistan, resulting in severe destruction. Reason [R] : Afghanistan is susceptible to earthquakes due to its location on the Eurasian Plate, bordered by tectonic plates such as the Arabian Plate, the Indian Plate, and the Iranian Plate. In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Type multiple_choice Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A] correct Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option [A] is correct but [R] is not correct incorrect Option [A] is not correct but [R] is correct incorrect Solution Afghanistan Earthquake: ● Magnitude 6.3 struck Herat province, 28 km outside the capital, 10 km deep. ● Followed a series of recent deadly earthquakes, with over 1, earthquakes in the past decade.
Question Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion [A] and the other is labeled as Reason : Assertion [A] : The eastern coast of India is affected by tropical cyclones more than the western coast of India. Reason [R] : Tropical cyclones originate only in the Bay of Bengal. In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Type multiple_choice Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option [A] is correct but [R] is not correct correct Option [A] is not correct but [R] is correct incorrect Solution Tropical Cyclones: ● A Tropical Disturbance that develops between 8 to 35° North and South characterized by extreme low pressure conditions,closed isobars and counter clockwise wind circulation in the northern hemisphere over the oceanic surfaces are known as Tropical Cyclones. ● They develop in the region of ITCZ due to convergence of warm tropical air masses. Bay of Bengal vs. Arabian Sea: ● More cyclones are formed in the Bay of Bengal than the Arabian Sea. ● Bay of Bengal tends to have warmer waters, making it more favorable for cyclone development. ● Arabian Sea, with higher salinity, may have different conditions influencing cyclone formation. ● The world distribution of the tropical cyclones is as shown below.
Type multiple_choice Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A] correct Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option [A] is correct but [R] is not correct incorrect Option [A] is not correct but [R] is correct incorrect Solution Temperate Cyclone: ● The depression of a low pressure center associated with the frontogenesis generated in the regions between 35 to 65 degree north and south latitudes are known as Extra Tropical Cyclones or Temperate Cyclones. ● They are also known as Wave Cyclones (It's formation is explained by wave theory). ● They originated due to convergence of contrasting air masses between 35 to 65° Latitudes where they converge to form polar fronts. Thus, Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A].
Question Consider the following conditions for the formation of Tropical Cyclones? A. Large continuous supply of warm and moist air B. Higher value of Coriolis force C. Presence of ITCZ D. Upper Air Divergence or Outflow E. Weak vertical wind share Choose the correct answer from the options given below. Type multiple_choice Option A, B and C only incorrect Option A, B and E only incorrect Option B, C and D only incorrect Option All of the above correct Solution Tropical Cyclones: ● A Tropical Disturbance that develops between 8 to 35° North and South characterized by extreme low pressure conditions,closed isobars and counter clockwise wind circulation in the northern hemisphere over the oceanic surfaces are known as Tropical Cyclones.
Marks 4 1 Question Consider the following statements for the formation of Temperate Cyclones? A. They originated due to convergence of contrasting air masses between 15 to 35° Latitudes where they converge to form polar fronts. B. Temperate Cyclones generally flow from west to east and these are known as “Cyclones Tracks”. C. In the temperate cyclone the isobars are not closed but they take the shape of V.Therefore,they are also known as V Shaped Depression. Choose the correct answer from the options given below. Type multiple_choice Option B only incorrect Option A and B only incorrect Option B and C only correct Option All of the above INcorrect Solution Temperate Cyclone:
● The depression of a low pressure center associated with the frontogenesis generated in the regions between 35 to 65 degree north and south latitudes are known as Extra Tropical Cyclones or Temperate Cyclones. ● They are also known as Wave Cyclones (It's formation is explained by wave theory). ● They originated due to convergence of contrasting air masses between 35 to 65° Latitudes where they converge to form polar fronts. ● Temperate Cyclones generally flow from west to east and these are known as “Cyclones Tracks”. ● In the temperate cyclone the isobars are not closed but they take the shape of V.Therefore,they are also known as V Shaped Depression. Question Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion [A] and the other is labeled as Reason : Assertion [A] : The Slope Decline Theory proposes a sequential evolution of slopes through stages of youth, maturity, and old age, with a shift from concave to convex forms. Reason [R] : In the Youthful Stage, steep convex slopes are shaped by vertical downcutting and dominant Soil Creep, driven by energy surplus for denudation and transportation.
Marks 4 1 Question In W. M. Davis's Slope Decline Theory, what is the primary process responsible for the evolution of steep convex slopes in the Youthful Stage? Type multiple_choice Option Vertical Erosion and Lateral Erosion incorrect Option Soil Creep and Downwasting incorrect Option Vertical Downcutting and Weathering correct Option Lateral Erosion and Deposition incorrect
Solution W.M.DAVIS (Slope decline Theory) Basic Assumptions: ● Slopes pass through youth, maturity, and old age stages. ● Shape changes from convex (youth) to concave (old age). Youthful Stage: ● Steep convex slopes from vertical downcutting and weathering. ● Soil Creep dominates, transporting weathered material. ● Denudation and transportation depend on energy. ● Energy available exceeds work, leading to Convex V-shaped Valleys. Mature Stage: ● Lateral Erosion dominates, causing downwasting ● Energy required matches erosion rate, forming smooth, graded profile ● Transportation equals Denudation. Old Age: ● Reduced steepness due to prior erosion. ● Lateral and vertical erosion decrease. ● Sediments become finer, thickness increases from deposition. ● Convex profile evolves into a gentle concave surface.
Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is not the correct explanation of [A] incorrect Option [A] is correct but [R] is not correct incorrect Option [A] is not correct but [R] is correct correct Solution PENCK’s Slope Replacement Theory ● Penck, who was one of the greatest geomorphologists of his times,didn't agree with Davis,that uplift is complete before erosion. Basic Assumption:- ● According to him, Upliftment and Erosion goes on simultaneously. ● When the upliftment is rapid,there will be more downcutting by the streams.giving rise to a convex profile. [Diagram in notes] ● When the rivers are eroding at a constant rate, a Rectilinear slope is formed. ● In the case of decreasing rate of upliftment, concave slope will develop because the river will erode at much lesser speed. Theory:- ● Penck assumes that there is an initial rock surface which is having uniform rate of weathering throughout.The Initial surface is steep.There is a river at the foot of a slope. ● Initially due to the weathering of large sediments.The upper part of the slope undergoes Parallel Retreat. ● Thus,The Initial free face or clip or steep face is replaced by young gentle slope having steep upper part (Boschungen/Gravity Slope) and comparatively gentle lower part (Hadelhang/wash slope) [Diagram in Notes] ● Thus,as shown in the diagram above.The original slope AA' has now two components AB at the base (Wash Slope) and BB' at the top (Gravity Slope). ● Subsequently,the new phase BB' will retreat and the height of the slope goes on decreasing.As the upliftment matches the erosion of a river a uniform rectilinear slope is formed. ● In the third phase,due to the lack of upliftment, the concave profile starts forming. ● Over the period of time,The debris and sediments will become fine these final sediments will be removed by the river giving rise to the Concave profile.
● With the progress of time,the height of water divide will be reduced because Hadelhang or Wash Slope will increase replacing Boschung.This Process by which initial convex slope is replaced from below by gentle concave slope is known as Slope Replacement. ● As per Savinder Singh, Penck Theory applies to the practical situation of Peninsular Plateau.In the Bhander Plateau (MP),The process of slope replacement has given rise to a region of pointed hills which are similar to Inselbergs. Thus, Both [A] and [R] are correct and [R] is the correct explanation of [A].
Marks 4 1 Question Match List I with List II. List I (Places of Earthquakes) List II (Tectonic Environment) A Bam (Iran) I Subduction zone B Mexico City II Transform boundaries C San Francisco III Under sea subduction D Java IV Blind faults Choose the correct answer from the options given below. Type multiple_choice Option A - IV, B - I, C - III, D - II incorrect Option A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III correct Option A - I, B - IV, C - II, D - III incorrect Option A - I, B - IV, C - III, D - II incorrect Solution Bam :- ● Iran is prone to earthquakes along blind faults. ● Blind faults are underground, not visible on the surface. ● Challenging to visually detect. Mexico City :- ● Area located near a subduction zone. ● Subduction zones involve one plate moving beneath another. ● Result in intense geological activity, including earthquakes and volcanoes. San Francisco :- ● Region lies at the boundary of the Pacific Plate and North American Plate. ● Transform boundary: Plates slide past each other horizontally. ● San Andreas Fault is a notable transform fault, causing frequent earthquakes. Java :- ● Island in Indonesia. ● Prone to undersea subduction-related earthquakes.
● Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. ● The Australian Plate subducts beneath Eurasian Plate. ● Leads to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. So, the correct answer is: A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III. Marks 4 1 Question Cambay Graben is associated with which one of the following earthquakes? Type multiple_choice Option Bhuj earthquake correct Option Latur earthquake incorrect Option Jabalpur earthquake incorrect Option Quetta, Balochistan earthquake incorrect Solution Bhuj Earthquake (2001): The Bhuj earthquake, also known as the Gujarat earthquake, occurred on January 26, 2001, in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. It was a major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 on the Richter scale. ● Earthquake linked to the Cambay Graben in western India. ● Cambay Graben is a rift zone with geological fault and crust stretching. ● Played a key role in causing the earthquake.
