


Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Definitions and explanations of key terms related to cellular metabolism, including anabolic and catabolic pathways, atp, hydrolysis, nad+, and fermentation. Anabolic pathways synthesize cellular components and involve a substantial increase in molecular order, while catabolic pathways break down cellular constituents and release free energy. Atp is a universal energy coupler used to connect catabolic reactions to anabolic reactions. Hydrolysis is a reaction where a bond in a molecule is broken by reaction with water, releasing free energy. Nad+ serves as an electron acceptor in cellular reactions, generating nadh and a proton. Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds using an endogenous electron acceptor.
Typology: Quizzes
1 / 4
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
pathways that synthesize cellular components usually involve a substantial increase in molecular order and therefore a local decrease in entropy and are endergonic (energy requiring TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 breakdown of cellular constituents exergonic, typically involve a decrease in molecular order (increase in entropy). Often involve hydrolysis or macromolecules or oxidations. Play two roles in cells: - release free energy to drive cellular functions - give rise to small organic molecules TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 universal energy coupler used to connect catabolic rx to anabolic rx adenosine (adenine + ribose) contains phosphoanhydride bonds & phosphoester bonds TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 any rxn whereby a bond in a molecule is broken by reaction w/ water free energy released to do work ( concentration, electrical, synthetic, mechanical) Why so much free energy? - charge repulsion - resonance stabilization free phosphate group has one elec. pair delocalized over structure - Entropy ^ overall TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Purpose: serves as an electron acceptor by adding 2 e- and 1 H+ to its aromatic ring, thereby generating the reduced form, NADH, plus a proton. NAD+ + 2[H] ------> NADH + H+ derivative of niacin: Vitamin B
exergonic process by which cells OXIDIZE glucose to carbon dioxide and water using oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor, with a significant portion of the released energy conserved as ATP TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Cellular respiration in which the ultimate electron acceptor is a molecule other than oxygen TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, and using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. run manly for NAD+ production TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 synthesis of glucose from precursors: amino acids, glycerol, lactate; occurs in the liver via a pathway that is essentially the reverse of glycolysis FIGURE 9- TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 organisms with an absolute requirement for oxygen
Anaerobic catabolism of carbohydrates with ethanol and carbon dioxide as the end products