Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/09/2025

Achieverr
Achieverr 🇺🇸

4.3

(7)

9K documents

1 / 87

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
T/F: Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary movement. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False
It moves involuntarily.
T/F: In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle type.
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True
T/F: In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted
into the GI tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True
T/F: Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left
ventricle-lung-right atrium-right ventricle. - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔False
Right atrium - right ventricle - lung - left atrium- left ventricle
T/F: Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the
left lung. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False
3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c
pf4d
pf4e
pf4f
pf50
pf51
pf52
pf53
pf54
pf55
pf56
pf57

Partial preview of the text

Download GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final EXAM

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

T/F: Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary movement. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False It moves involuntarily. T/F: In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle type.

  • CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left ventricle-lung-right atrium-right ventricle. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Right atrium - right ventricle - lung - left atrium- left ventricle T/F: Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the left lung. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False 3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung

T/F: In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two ureters and two bladders. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Two kidneys, two ureters, and ONE bladder T/F: Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order: Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting duct. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Bowman's Capsule - proximal tubule - loop of Henle - distal tubule - collecting duct T/F: Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in controlling the activities of many different organ systems to maintain homeostasis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by receptors. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non- myelinated area) is called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is insulated. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Myelin sheath insulates action potential. Action potential propagates faster by skipping myelinated axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier to another node.

T/F: There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high concentration.

  • CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of glucose is from a compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low concentration. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active" transport. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes simultaneously but independently. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist?
  • CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔at equilibrium What is a major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium potential across a cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Concentration (chemical) gradient

T/F: The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly permeant ion species is controlled by the concentration gradient. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Movement of a charged electrolyte is determined by the major forces of voltage plus chemical concentration gradients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: The cellular K+ Electrochemical Equilibrium Potential is regulated by concentration differences across plasma membranes, assuming that the membrane's relative permeability to K+ is very high. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔true Which of these ion choices is primarily responsible for establishing a typical cell membrane's "resting" potential?

  • Mg++
  • Na+
  • K+ - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔K+ T/F: Excessive extracellular acid (i.e., [H+] ) will raise the concentration of extracellular potassium ion concentration. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Cell Membrane Potential is controlled by the relative degree of ion permeability as well as ion concentration gradients existing across a cell's plasma membrane. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True

All movement across the capillary wall is passive, driven by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressures. T/F: The osmolality of the body fluids is greater when all the solutes are large. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False The total number of particles, irrespective of size, determines osmolality. T/F: All water movement in and out of cell is passive. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True Water movement is drive by solute (osmotic) gradients across the cell wall T/F: Sodium (Na) is effectively impermeable at the cell wall. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True Any Na that does enter the cell will be immediately removed by the Sodium potassium ATPase in the cell wall. T/F: Eating a meal high in salt, without drinking any water will lead to an increase in both intracellular and extracellular fluid volume. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False This is a Hypertonic expansion: Ingest NaCl stays extracellular, increases the ECF osmolality, H2O moves OUT of cells to restore osmotic equilibrium. Decrease in ICFV, increase in ECFV.

T/F: A pure water solution can safely be infused intravenously to a dehydrated person. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Water will enter the surrounding cells causing swelling and lysis. The potassium released in to the extracellular fluid by cell lysis can be fatal. A 5% glucose solution is iso-osmotic to body fluids, so safe to infuse. After metabolism of the glucose this is equivalent to giving pure water. T/F: Hormones produce physiological actions by binding to receptors at their target cells/tissues. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: There are specific receptors for each hormone. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Receptors for peptide hormones are always on the inside (cytoplasm; nucleus) of target cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: GPCR are also known as seven trans-membrane (7TM) receptors. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Gaq proteins couple to adenylyl cyclase. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: Activation of ionotropic receptors results in an ion (Ca2+; Na+) moving into the target cell through a channel in the receptor. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True

T/F: Afferent nerves transmit information from the central nervous sytem to the peripheral nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: The autonomic nervous system has 3 divisions. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system constricts the airways. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons are in the central nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: Acetylcholine acts on alpha and beta receptors. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: The adrenal medulla releases norepinephrine and epinephrine directly into the blood stream. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: Negative feedback in the autonomic nervous system requires an afferent signal. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True T/F: The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the external sphincter of the bladder. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False

T/F: Referred pain is caused by convergence of somatic and autonomic information within the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system inhibits urination primarily by inhibiting the detrusor muscle. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False T/F: The hypothalamus can directly control preganglionic sympathetic neurons. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True To generate conventional transgenic mice, DNA will be injected into:

  • embryonic stem (ES) cells
  • fertilized mouse eggs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fertilized mouse eggs T/F: To determine success of homologous recombination of targeting vector in ES cells, Northern blotting will be utilized. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Southern Blotting T/F: Using Cre recombinase, we can control DNA recombination and delete specific genomic areas flanked by FLP sequences. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔False Cre recognizes LoxP sites

example of a macromolecule - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔protein molecule, DNA molecule example of an organelle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, nucleus example of a cell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔muscle cell, nerve cell example of a tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue example of an organ - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔skin, heart, kidney, brain, stomach example of an organ system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔skeletal system, digestive system example of an organism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔human T/F: structure is always related to function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔true Anatomy is the study of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔structure

physiology is the study of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔function What are the characteristics of life? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔respiration, digestion, absorption, assimilation, circulation, excretion what is respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from foods what is digestion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔breakdown of food substances into simpler forms what is absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids what is assimilation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms what is circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔movement of substances in body fluids what is excretion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions what is the foundation of all physiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔homeostasis

in a stretching arm the bicep ______ and the tricep _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔bicep extends and the tricep contracts major organs of the muscular system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔skeletal muscle and associated tendons how many skeletal muscles are there - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 650 what are the functions of the muscular system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Provides movement Provides protection and support for other tissues Generates heat that maintains body temperature when moving a muscle __% of energy is used to move and __% of energy is used to generate heat - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔40% used to move 60% used to generate heat what are the two proteins in skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔actin and myosin which skeletal muscle proteins is ropelike and which is ladder like - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ropelike - myosin ladder like - actin

what are the 3 muscle types - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle describe skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔contractile proteins form an alternating pattern of light and dark bands called striations what is the organization of skeletal muscle fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔same direction describe cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rich with capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the elongated muscle cell describe smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔these spindle shaped cells, each containing a dark nucleus are grouped in irregular bundles organization of smooth muscle fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔different directions examples of smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔esophagus and stomach major organs of the digestive system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

what kind of muscle is the large intestine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔smooth muscle top 2 types of cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔lung is 1, colon is 2 what is gastric bypass surgery - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔when the upper stomach is cut and reconnected major organs of the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔heart, blood, blood vessels functions of the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature the heart and lungs are ______ connected and occupy the _________ and protected by the ________ - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔serially thoracic cavity ribs arteries contain (oxygen/deoxygenated) blood while veins contain (oxygen/deoxygenated) blood - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arteries --> oxygenated blood veins --> deoxygenated blood

order of blood flow with valves - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔right atrium --> tricuspid valve --> right ventricle --> pulmonary aorta --> lungs --> pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> bicuspid valve --> left ventricle order of blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔left ventricle --> aorta --> artery --> arteriole --> capillary where O2 is supplied and nutrients to the tissues --> venule --> vein --> vena cava --> right atrium causes of heart attack - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔reduced coronary artery blood flow which causes angina pectoris or myocardial infarction how to diagnose a heart attack - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ECG major organs of the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli functions of the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs) provides oxygen to blood stream removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream produces sounds for communication lobes of the lungs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔right lung: 3 left lung: 2