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Summary of the Gothic Style that has characterized architecture and interior design, with an analysis of the historical period, of cultural and social influences. Riassunto dello Stile Gotico che ha caratterzzato l'architettura e l'interior design, con un analisi del periodo storico, delle influenze culturali e sociali.
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Vol. 1 Issue 10 ES €5. IT €5. FR €5. GB £5. USA $10.
10 Pages feature on 10 Interiors and Architecture that characterized the Gothic period.
Into Design Interior Design & Styling
EDITORIAL INFO
Editor in Chief Francesca Ciccioriccio
Into Design is published by FC Interior Design
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Fig. 3 Il Palazzo di Sichelgaita (n.d.) Saint- Denis [Online Image]
Fig. 4 Viaggiatrice Curiosa (n.d.) Saint - Denis interior [Online Image]
Saint- Denis New Construction Techiques
The new architectural style is recognized by art historians in the renovation of the apse area of the Abbey of Saint-Denis. In the ambulatory of Saint- Denis, slender columns support elegant pointed vaults, which lead to the radial chapels illuminated by large windows: these are notable innovations, which herald the spatial dimension typical of the interiors of later Gothic cathedrals. In addition to the stained glass windows, the pointed arches, the very high and thin internal supports, in some cases a new structure is added, a narrow gallery located in the walls above the arches of the side aisles, open with three-light windows on the central nave and therefore called triforium.
The term "gothic", in a pejorative sense, was coined by Giorgio Vasari in the sixteenth century as a synonym for Nordic, barbaric, capricious, opposed to the revival of the classical Greek- Roman language of the Renaissance.
Gothic becomes a phenomenon of European significance with very complex and varied characteristics, affecting all sectors of artistic production, leading to great developments also in the so-called minor arts such as: goldsmithing, miniature, ivory carving, stained glass, fabrics, etc.
‘Great walled cities, large and elaborately defended castle, knights in armor on the horseback, great cathedrals with their stained glass, buttresses,
and gorgoyles - all these make up our picture of Europe between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, the era characterized as Gotich in recognition of importance of the kind of architecture given that stylistc name. ‘ (Pile and Gura, 2018 , 101 )
Key Features
‘While stained glass windows are found in many places of worship, they are particularly prevalent in Gothic cathedrals. Featuring meticulously cut colored glass, these kaleidoscopic windows—which are typically either tall and arched ‘lancet' windows or round ‘rose' windows—are larger than those found in other types of churches. This allowed them to let in more dazzling light.
POINTED ARCHES A primary feature of many religious structures, ample archways can be found in most Gothic churches and cathedrals. Rather than the wide, rounded arches characteristic of Romanesque buildings, however, architects working in the Gothic style adapted the tall, thin pointed arches found in Islamic architecture.
RIBBED VAULTS In order to incorporate higher ceilings and taller windows into their designs, Gothic architects utilized a new method of structural support called ribbed vaulting. Ribbed vaulting involves the use of intersecting barrel vaults—arches placed parallel to one another in order to support a rounded roof.
FLYING BUTTRESSES On top of these advanced vaulting techniques, Gothic architects employed another unique method of structural support: flying buttresses. These projecting stone structures reinforced the buildings by redistributing the weight of the heavy roof to a lower, more solid level.
ORNATE DECORATION These include embellished colonnades and colonettes, sculptural moldings, statues of saints and historical figures, pinnacles and spires, and gargoyles, grotesque figures that double as water spouts.’ (Richman - Abdou, 2017 )
Fig. 5 Naomi Burke (n.d.) Gothic cathedral [Online Image]
‘The movement evolved from Romanesque architecture, a style that promoted the characteristics of ancient Roman and Byzantine buildings associated with local traditions.
It typically featured semicircular arches, thick walls, and sturdy pillars. Characteristics of Gothic architecture were structures built of stone combined with large expanses of glass, cluster columns, pointed spiers, large arches, intricately decorated, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses - a specific form of buttress composed of an arched structure that extends from the top of a wall to a pillar.
The most famous applications of this style are large cathedrals, abbeys and churches across Europe. It is also the style of many castles, palaces, town halls and universities. Large, ornate and imposing, buildings of Gothic architecture have seen a progression in technology and construction techniques.
Gothic architecture in England is instead characterized by different architectural aspects. ‘English work is never quite so adventurous and drammatic as its parallels in France, but it’s varied in a way that makes each building a strongly individualistic expression.’ (Pile and Gura, 2018 , 101 )
Fig. 9 Mikeuk (n.d.) Flying buttresses [Online Image]
Fig. 8 Nicolas Janberg (n.d.) Ribbed vaults [Online Image]
Ribbed
vaults
Flying
buttresses
Fig. 11 We heart it (n.d.) Notre Dame Gargoyles [Online Image]
Fig. 10 Walks of Italy (n.d.)Gothic Pinnacles [Online Image]
Ornate decoration:
Pinnacles
Ornate decoration:
Gargoyles
Notre Dame Cathedral is considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and is one of the largest and most famous Catholic Church buildings in France. Completed in 1345 , the cathedral was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress. The building was not originally designed to include flying buttresses, but after construction began, thinner walls grew in height and fatigue fractures began to manifest as they pushed outward.
DUOMO OF FLORENCE The Duomo of Florence, or Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, is the main church of Florence. Construction began in 1296 according to Arnolfo di Cambio's designs in the Gothic style and was structurally completed in 1436. The exterior of the basilica is covered with marble panels in various shades of green and pink edged in white, the elaborate facade in style neo-Gothic of the nineteenth century is by Emilio De Fabris.
‘Composed of twelve bays in the interior, the chapel is distinctly characterised by strong vertical lines, seen most markedly in the stone tracery. The use of pointed arches and flying buttresses works to heighten and widen the windows, which are filled with biblical stories.This maximisation of windows and minimisation of walls allow a flooding of light into the interior of the chapel.’ (Sonia, n.d.)
Fig. 13 Bioedil (n.d.)Notre Dame [(Online Image]
Fig. 14 10 cose (n.d.) Duomo of Florence [Online Image]
Fig. 15 Lycee George (n.d.) King's college Cambridge [Online Image]
Lumen (n.d.) Europe map 12th century [Online Image] in lumenlearning.com. Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/gothic-architecture/ [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
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Il Palazzo di Sichelgaita (n.d.) Saint- Denis [Online Image] in ilpalazzodisichegata.it. Available at: https://ilpalazzodisichelgaita.wordpress.com/page/ 2 / [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Viaggiatrice Curiosa (n.d.) Saint - Denis interior [Online Image] in viaggiatricecuriosa.it. Available at: https://www.viaggiatricecuriosa.it/ 2019 / 12 / 08 /basilica-di-saint-denis-parigi/ [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Naomi Burke (n.d.) Gothic cathedral [Online Image] in pinterest.it. Available at: https://www.pinterest.it/pin/ 644999977867106860 / [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
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Wikipedia (n.d.) English gothic church [Online Image] in wikipedia.org. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
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Mikeuk (n.d.) Flying buttresses [Online Image] in thoughtco.com. Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-flying-buttress- 4049089 [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Walks of Italy (n.d.)Gothic Pinnacles [Online Image] in walksofitaly.it. Available at: https://www.walksofitaly.com/blog/tag/milan [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
We heart it (n.d.) Notre Dame Gargoyles [Online Image] in weheartit.com. Available at: https://weheartit.com/entry/ 328601360 [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Surreylive ( 2019 ) Hampton Court interior [Online Image] in getsurrey.com.uk. Available at: https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/gallery/sneak-peek-hampton-court-palace- 15882811 [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
10 cose (n.d.) Duomo of Florence [Online Image] in 10cose.it. Available at: https://www.10cose.it/firenze/duomo-santa-maria-del-fiore-firenze [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Bioedil (n.d.)Notre Dame [(Online Image] in bioedilprogetti.com. Available at: https://www.bioedilprogetti.com/magazine/cattedrale-di-notre-dame-crowdfunding/ [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
Lycee George (n.d.) King's college Cambridge [Online Image] in lycgeorge.fr. Available at: http://lyc-george-sand-la-chatre.tice.ac-orleans-tours.fr/eva/spip.php?article2597 [accessed 19 / 03 / 21 ]
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