Groups and Teams - Organizational Behaviour - Lecture Slides, Slides of Organization Behaviour

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Groups and Teams

What are Groups and Teams

• Group:
  • Two or more people working together
• Team:
  • “... intact social system complete with boundaries and differentiated roles among members...[with] one or more tasks to perform, resulting in discernable and potentially measurable group products...within an organizational context”
  • “A group of individuals within a larger organization, that has a common goal, whose tasks and outcomes are interdependent, and whose members view themselves and are viewed by others as a team.”

Why do Teams Matter to Organizations

• Teams are “the fashion”
• Why?
  • Synergy
  • Need for coordinated cross-disciplinary activities
  • Self-management

Kinds of Groups and Teams

• Functional groups
  • The boxes we see on organizational charts
  • May or may not be a team or include teams
• Informal groups
  • Task groups / teams
    • Temporary vs. standing
    • Managed vs. self-managed
    • Purpose
      • Management
      • Work tasks
      • New products
      • Organizational change
    • Single-function vs. cross- functional
    • Virtual teams

Sources of Group Effectiveness

• Organizational context

• Goals
• Resources

• Group resources

• Knowledge
• Motivation
• Leadership

• Group structure

• Formal structure
• Group roles

• The task

• Extent of

interdependence

• Complexity

What Is An Effective Team?

• All group members understand group roles and expectations.
• Group members have developed a good working relationship.
• Group members are attracted to the group and are loyal to

the leader.

• Group members have a high degree of trust and confidence in

one another.

• Group activities such as decision making and problem solving

occur in a supportive atmosphere.

More On an Effective Team

• The process for selecting a group leader should be

based on the qualities that the individual brings to

the group that encourage a supportive and open

atmosphere.

• Communication among members and the leader

should be encouraged. If problems exist, free and

open communication will bring problems to the

surface.

Stages in Group Development

1. Forming - Members begin to become acquainted and try out behaviors; basic norms are establishes - Slow evolution to….. 2. Storming - Members struggle to set group goals, patterns of behavior and there is a competition for leadership - Rapid transformation to….. 3. Norming - Members develop sense of cohesion and settle into their roles - Slow evolution to…. 4. Performing - Now, the work gets done, tasks are accomplished 5. Adjourning - This stage occurs only if the group will dissolve or disband

Group Roles: Task-Oriented Behavior

(II)

• Elaborating
  • Offering further clarification of points; trying to "spell out" what other members have already said, or trying to help the group imagine how a proposal would work if adopted.
• Summarizing
  • Pulling together related ideas or suggestions, restating suggestions after the group has discussed them; or trying to organize the ideas so the group will know what has been said.
• Testing Workability
  • Making application of suggestions to real situations, examining practicality and workability of ideas; trying to help the group test a proposed decision for workability.

Group Roles: Group-Oriented Behavior

(I)

• Encouraging
  • Being friendly, warm and responsible to others; accepting others and their contributions; regarding others by giving them an opportunity or recognition.
• Expressing Group Feelings
  • Sensing feeling, mood, relationships within the group; sharing his/her feelings or affect with other members. This starts the group toward action.
• Harmonizing
  • Attempting to reconcile disagreement; reducing tension through "pouring oil on troubled waters"; getting people to explore their differences.

How Roles Develop

Expected Role

Perceived Role

Sent Role

Enacted Role

Feedback

More About Learning Norms

• Norm generalization

• Can you take norms from one setting and apply them to

another setting?

• Norm variation

• Who can deviate from the norms?
• How much deviation is acceptable?

• Norm conformity

• How much pressure is there to conform to norms?

(groupthink…)

• Socialization

Group Cohesion

• Definition

• Types of cohesion

• Antecedents and consequences

What is Cohesion?

• “…The ‘cement’ binding together group

members and maintaining their relationships

to one another”

• “The resultant of all the forces acting on the

members to remain in the group”

• The attraction of individuals to the team or

group itself, where the individual defines

herself as a member of a group, rather than as

an individual