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Abstract The researchers conducted a study about guava. The guava is used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, and anti- genotoxic. People nowadays, regardless of age, gender, or status in life, can have a common skin ailment like itchiness, acne and insect bites. Maybe these can be considered as simple skin ailments but it can lead to a serious one. The researchers wanted to discover an easy way on how to develop a medical ointment made from guava extract. And also to help everyone who frequently suffered in various skin ailments. Guava leaves are rich in Vitamins A and C and also good for disinfection of wounds. To be able to produce an ointment, we deal with the numerous experiments. All the trials use the same ingredients but differ in terms of measurement. The first and third trial came up with a good result though the second trial does not. To be able to have a product with constant texture, the researchers became more cautious on measuring water particularly. In the first trial, the researchers used 5 tablespoons of petroleum jelly, 40 g of guava leaves, and 200 ml water. They had petroleum jelly with water while melting it. With these ingredients, the experiment turned out into a smooth yet tough texture though petroleum and guava extract combined. It produced a fragrance of a cocoa butter. For the second time, using the following ingredients; 2 tablespoons of petroleum jelly without flavour, 40 g of guava leaves, 40ml of water and 3 pieces of rosal, the researchers have noticed that the more liquid they used, the more affinity the oil and
water to uncombined so they reduced the amount of water. The result of the end product became slightly smooth with an unpleasant scent. For the last trial, the researchers tried to omit the usage of water while melting petroleum jelly. After the chemical process, they also separate a little amount of guava extract from oil before placing it in a container. The final product combines successfully having a scent of sampaguita and guava extract that results into a smooth texture. Guava leaves can really help those people who have skin ailments. The researchers proved that accurate measurement has a great impact to the product to be made. Being equipped with appropriate tools lessens the difficulty in doing the project. Even the final product is efficacious already, the researchers still have something to recommend like using a little amount of water for the solution to combine completely, not melting the petroleum jelly with water and using another kind of fragrant flower that can be added to produce a scent that will suit your taste. This project is made to discover an easier and cheaper way on how to cure common skin ailments with their own estimates. With the cooperation of everyone and putting God in the center, this science investigatory project became successful. Acknowledgement The researchers would like to acknowledge their teacher in Science, Ma’am Joy Landicho for giving them prospect to improve their skills and knowledge in discovering
The guava is used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodia, anti-cough, and anti-diabetes and anti- genotoxic. Conditions that irritate, clog, or inflame your skin can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, burning, and itching. Allergies, irritants, your genetic makeup, and certain diseases and immune system problems can cause dermatitis, hives, and other skin conditions. Many skin problems, such as acne, also affect your appearance. Your skin can also develop several kinds of cancers. Skin itching can lead to serious problem if not treated immediately. Guava leaves contain antioxidants which destroy the free radicals that damage your skin, thus protecting your skin from ageing as well as improving skin tone and texture. A decoction of mature guava leaves can be applied on the skin for tightening it. Guava leaves are an instant cure for getting rid of itchiness as they contain allergy blocking compounds. The researchers wanted to create a cheaper and easy way on how to develop a medicinal ointment made up of guava extract. The researchers also aim to help everyone to cure common skin ailments that they may get. Especially those who frequently suffered in this kind of ailments, regardless of age, gender and status in life. And also for the future researchers to be more inspired and pave their way in discovering more inventions. It is for everyone, so that they can find an alternative way on how to face common skin ailments. Since we are living in the same country, we are also aware of the different ailments that we may get. So in order to help everyone, we conducted a research about a
herbal ointment that is easy and affordable. And for the future researchers, for them to guide their future studies and make their own path through success. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to make an ointment from guava extract. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:
- Is the herbal ointment effective for insect bites, itchiness, and disinfection of wounds?
- What makes the guava useful for medication?
- Who are the people that will benefit from this product? Hypotheses
- No, the herbal ointment made from guava extract is ineffective for insect bites, itchiness, and disinfection of wounds.
- Guava is not useful in terms of medication.
- No one will benefit from this product. Significance of the Study The significance of the study is for all researchers to create their own ointments easily at home. It is for everyone to find another option for treating various skin ailments. Since all of us can experience skin ailments like itchiness, acne, insect bites and allergies, we developed a study on how to overcome these common skin ailments.
Definition of Terms For better understanding and clarification of text of the study, it is necessary to define some of the terms used. Acne. A disease that affects the skin's oil glands. Guava. Very popular in Asian countries like Philippines. It has a pear-shaped or round shaped form. Ointment. a smooth oily preparation that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal purposes or as a cosmetic. Petroleum jelly. Petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin/paraffin wax or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. Sampaguita. or jasmine sambac has been known for its abundant health benefits and medicinal uses for thousands of years. Vitamin A. is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta- carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision.
Vitamin C. also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent scurvy. Chapter II Review of Related Literature According to Bullock (2006), the guava belongs to the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae) and thus is related to the common spices (clove, cinnamon, allspice, etc.), eucalyptus, and many other smaller fruits in common usage including strawberry guava, rose apple, Surinam cherry and jabot cava. The guava is an excellent source of vitamin C containing 2 to 5 times more than oranges and 10 times more than tomatoes bred for high vitamin C content. Some selected strains contain as high as 600 mg of vitamin C per 100 cc of pulp. It is also a good source of niacin and vitamin A. Compared with other fruits, the whole guava is a moderately good source of calcium, a fair source of phosphorus and a good source of iron. The iron content of guavas with seeds removed is only about one-fifth that
and sweet. Varying between species, the thickness of the skin may change, and it is usually green before maturity, but becomes yellow, maroon, or green when ripe. The fruits generally have a pronounced and typical fragrance, similar to lemon rind but less sharp. Guava pulp may be sweet or sour, off-white to deep pink. Again, the seeds in the central pulp may vary in number and hardness, depending on the species. With us, many mammals and birds relish the fruit and disperse the seeds in their droppings and the spread of guavas owes much to this fact. (http://ayurvedamagazine.org/the-super-fruit/) According to the Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 2012, guava leaves, pulp and seed have been used to treat various ailments, especially respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. In a 2012 study published in Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, researchers found that guava could play a role in the management of diabetes and in the prevention of vascular complications. Foods rich in vitamin C help in collagen production and protect the skin from free radical damage. One guava contains 126 milligrams of vitamin C, or 209% daily value. The guava leaf, however, has more potent free radical scavenging properties. In a study published in the Food Chemistry journal, researchers found a “linear relationship between antioxidant potency, free radical-scavenging ability and the content of phenolic compounds of guava leaf extracts.” No wonder guava leaf tea and the topical use of guava leaves have been part of traditional medicine. Guava was very popular in Asian countries like Philippines. It has a pear-shaped or round shaped form. It has colors of green, yellow or maroon when ripe. It has white or maroon flesh. Have lots of hard seeds enveloping in the sweet and sugary pulp. It can be eaten raw or ripe. It is
made into jellies and jam. It has many NUTRIENTS. Its name is Psidium guajava. It has 50 calories packed with fibers. Sweetness is very satisfying and tasty.Its chemical properties are anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, guaijaverin, lycopene, carotene, lipo- protein. It has vitamin A and B. Good anti-oxidant and detoxifier.It helps control elevated blood cholesterol. A refined flour can elevate blood pressure as if is converted into sugar. Antibacterial screening has been done selectively by many researchers in guava essential oil and solvent extract. It has been reported that these oils and extracts penetrate the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, rendering it more permeable, leading to the leakage of vital cell contents. Guava helps beat wrinkles. It has very potent antioxidant properties and a study found that the leaf has much more potent free radical scavenging properties than the fruit itself, making it perfect to keep wrinkles at bay. Apart from that the leaves also have compounds that help tone the skin and therefore help reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Guava can also help get rid of acne. As per a study published in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine guava leaves have very effective antibacterial properties that are extremely effective against bacteria that cause acne. Apart from that the study also found that guava leaves also have anti- inflammatory properties that help calm the skin and reduce the appearance of pimples. Guava leaves are also used to help treat atopic dermatitis. It also have anti- allergic properties that help prevent the production of histamines (a compound that is produced by the body to fight off foreign material. This causes inflammation and formation of allergic symptoms) by the body and therefore is great to help treat
Chapter III Methodology First Trial Materials: 50 g of petroleum jelly (substitute for beeswax) 39 g of guava leaves Strainer and bowl Mortar and pestle Spoon and casserole Beaker 200 ml of water Procedures:
- Prepare all the materials to be used.
- Wash the guava leaves.
- Use the mortar and pestle to pound the guava leaves.
- Boil the pound guava leaves for about 2 minutes in the casserole with an 80 ml of water.
- Use strainer to remove guava leaves and then set aside the guava extract.
- Melt the 50 g of petroleum jelly with 200 ml of water and mix it with the 20 ml guava extract for about a minute.
- Set aside for a minute and prepare the container. After pounding the sampaguita, squeeze it using a piece of cloth. Pour it inside the container.
- Now you have ointment with guava extract. For external use only. Second Trial Materials: 50 g of petroleum jelly (substitute for beeswax) 40 g of guava leaves Strainer and bowl Mortar and pestle Spoon and casserole Beaker 3 pieces of rosal 40 ml of water Procedures:
- Prepare all the materials to be used.
- Wash the guava leaves.
- Use the mortar and pestle to pound the guava leaves.
- Wash the guava leaves.
- Use the mortar and pestle to pound the guava leaves.
- Boil the pound guava leaves for about 2 minutes in the casserole with an 80 ml of water.
- Use strainer to remove guava leaves and then set aside the guava extract.
- Melt the 50 g of petroleum jelly and mix it with the 20 ml guava extract for about a minute.
- Set aside for a minute and prepare the container. After pounding the sampaguita, squeeze it using a piece of cloth. Pour it inside the container.
- Now you have ointment with guava extract. For external use only. Testing and Evaluation The researchers tested and evaluated the texture through observation. The first and third trial has smooth texture, while the second trial has slightly smooth outcome. Just like the texture, the researchers also observed the odor. The first and third trial results a pleasant odor while the second trial results an unpleasant odor.
Third Trial Results Ingredients Texture Odor Effect on Skin 50 g of petroleum jelly 39 g of guava leaves 80 ml of water 10 pieces of sampaguita Smooth Pleasant Discussion: In the first trial, the researchers used 50 g of petroleum jelly, 39 g of guava leaves, and 200 ml water. They had petroleum jelly with water while melting it. With these ingredients, the experiment turned out into a smooth yet tough texture though petroleum and guava extract combined. It produced a fragrance of a cocoa butter. For the second time, using the following ingredients; 50 g of petroleum jelly without flavour, 40 g of guava leaves, 40ml of water and 3 pieces of rosal, the researchers have noticed that the more liquid they used, the more affinity the oil and water to uncombined so they reduced the amount of water. The result of the end product became slightly smooth with an unpleasant scent. For the last trial, the researchers tried to omit the usage of water while melting petroleum jelly. After the chemical process, they also separate a little amount of guava extract from oil before placing it in a container. The final product combines successfully having a scent of sampaguita and guava extract that results to a smooth texture.
All the trials use the same ingredients but differ in terms of measurement. The first and third trial come up with a good result though the second trial does not. To be able to have a product with constant texture, the researchers became more cautious on measuring water particularly. Chapter V Conclusions and Recommendations
