Download Anatomy and Physiology of Lymph Nodes and Related Conditions and more Quizzes Geriatrics in PDF only on Docsity!
superior and inferior edge of the deep cervical
chain
superior = tonsillar inferior = supraclavicular TERM 2
the mouth, face and throat drain into which
nodes
DEFINITION 2 tonsillar, submandibular and submental TERM 3
3. To which nodal site in the cervical region
would you expect a thoracic or abdominal
malignancy to metastasize?
DEFINITION 3 Enlargement of a supraclavicular node, especially on the left, suggests possible metastasis from thoracic or abdominal malignancy TERM 4
it's likely a lymph node if...
DEFINITION 4 you can roll it in four directions TERM 5
a. Axillary nodes drain how much of the arm?
How about epitrochlear nodes?
DEFINITION 5 Axillary - Lymphatics from the ulnar surface of the forearm and hand, epitrochlear - little, ring fingers and adjacent middle finger
what do superficial inguinal nodes drain?
What is a notable exception
Drain - superficial abdomen, anal canal, female genitalia and male genitalia EXCEPT testes TERM 7
vertical superficial inguinal nodes are medial
to _______
DEFINITION 7 femoral artery and saphenous vein TERM 8
where does the heel drain lymph? Can you
palpate this?
DEFINITION 8 it joins the deep system near the popliteal space. Cannot usually palpate TERM 9
lymphadenopathy
DEFINITION 9 enlarged nodes with or without tenderness Try to distinguish between local and generalized lymphadenopathy, respectively, by finding either (1) a causative lesion in the drainage are, or (2) enlarged nodes in at least two other noncontiguous lymph node regions. TERM 10
which way does atelectasis and
pneumothorax deviate the trachea
DEFINITION 10 atelectasis deviates towards affected lung pneumothorax deviates away
describe the normal contour of the carotid
pulse
The normal upstroke is brisk. It is smooth, rapid, and follows S1 almost immediately. The summit is smooth, rounded, and roughly midsystolic. The downstroke is less abrupt than the upstroke. TERM 17
define thrills and bruits
DEFINITION 17
. During palpation of the carotid artery, you may detect humming vibrations, or thrills, that feel like the throat of a purring cat. Routinely, but especially in the presence of a thrill, you should listen over both carotid arteries with the diaphragm of your stethoscope for a bruit, a murmur-like sound of vascular rather than cardiac origin TERM 18
what does a carotid buit suggest
DEFINITION 18 a. A carotid bruit with or without a thrill in a middle-aged or older person suggests but does not prove arterial narrowing. An aortic murmur may radiate to the carotid artery and sound like a bruit. TERM 19
How would you differentiate a thyroid bruit
from a carotid bruit? It may not be easy just
by listening. What test would you order to
help differentiate?
DEFINITION 19 b. If you detect bruits over the thyroid gland, ask the patient if he has a history of hyperthyroidism or signs and symptoms of it, such as nervousness, tremors, weight loss, palpitations, heat intolerance, and (in females) amenorrhea. Watch for signs and symptoms of life-threatening thyroid storm, such as tremor, restlessness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly. d. Laboratory studies show a low TSH level and elevated T3 and T concentrations. TERM 20
what is the danger of a carotid bruit
DEFINITION 20 If you detect carotid artery bruits, be alert for signs and symptoms of a transient ischemic attack (TIA), including dizziness, diplopia, slurred speech, flashing lights, and syncope. These findings may indicate an impending stroke. Be sure to evaluate the patient frequently for changes in LOC and muscle function.
What is hepatojugular (abdominojugular)
reflux? How is it performed? What may it
indicate?
a. hepatojugular reflux distention of the jugular vein b. induced by applying manual pressure over the liver; c. it suggests insufficiency of the right heart. TERM 22
What is a cystic hygroma? Where does it
commonly form? what are the symptoms?
DEFINITION 22 i. A cystic hygroma is a mass that commonly occurs in the head and neck area. b. Symptoms i. A common symptom is a neck mass found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection. TERM 23
Treatments if complete surgical resection is
not possible
DEFINITION 23 ii. Other treatments have been attempted with only limited success. These include: 1. Chemotherapy medications 2. Injection of sclerosing medications 3. Radiation therapy 4. Steroids TERM 24
What causes cystic hygroma
DEFINITION 24 i. A cystic hygroma occurs as the baby grows in the womb. It forms from pieces of material that carry fluid and white blood cells. Such material is called embryonic lymphatic tissue. After birth, a cystic hygroma usually looks like a soft bulge under the skin. The cyst may not be recognized at birth. It typically grows as the child does, and sometimes is not noticed until the child is older.
