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HARD SOFT ACID BASES THEORY (CHEMISTRY), Lecture notes of Chemistry

THIS PDF IS SHORT BUT EXPLAINS FULL CONCEPT FOR HSAB THEORY WITH RELEVANT EXAMPLES THAT IS CONSIDERED A IMP TOPIC FOR EXAMS.MY NOTES ARE EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND GOOD FOR EXAMS. CHECK IT ONCE AT A VERY REASONABLE PRICE.

Typology: Lecture notes

2023/2024

Available from 07/01/2025

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B TECH
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
CHEMISTRY(BTCH101-23)
HSAB THEORY (HARD SOFT ACID BASES)
The HSAB (Hard-Soft Acid-Base) Principle was developed by Ralph Pearson. It is utilized to
ascertain the stability of complexes.
According to this principle, a stable complex forms when a hard acid combines with a hard
base , or when a soft acid combines with a soft base.
Characteristics of Hard and Soft Acids and Bases:
Hard Acids and Bases: These species are typically characterized by a small size and
high charge. They are considered to have high charge density.
Hard Acids: These are small cations with high charge, for example, Co3+, Al3+, and
H+.
Hard Bases: These are small anions with high charge, such as F−, OH−, and O2−.
Soft Acids and Bases: These are generally large species with low charge.
Soft Acids: These are large cations with low charge, such as Ag+ and Cu+.
Soft Bases: These are large anions with low charge, such as I− and S2−.
The HSAB theory predicts reactivity and complex formation by classifying acids and
bases as hard or soft based on their size, charge, and polarizability. Hard acids and
bases tend to interact strongly with each other, as do soft acids and bases. This
principle helps predict reaction outcomes and complex stability in coordination
chemistry.

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B TECH

COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

CHEMISTRY(BTCH101-23)

HSAB THEORY (HARD SOFT ACID BASES)

The HSAB (Hard-Soft Acid-Base) Principle was developed by Ralph Pearson. It is utilized to ascertain the stability of complexes.

According to this principle, a stable complex forms when a hard acid combines with a hard base , or when a soft acid combines with a soft base.

Characteristics of Hard and Soft Acids and Bases:

● Hard Acids and Bases: These species are typically characterized by a small size and high charge. They are considered to have high charge density.

○ Hard Acids: These are small cations with high charge, for example, Co3+, Al3+, and H+.

○ Hard Bases: These are small anions with high charge, such as F−, OH−, and O2−.

● Soft Acids and Bases: These are generally large species with low charge.

○ Soft Acids: These are large cations with low charge, such as Ag+ and Cu+.

○ Soft Bases: These are large anions with low charge, such as I− and S2−.

The HSAB theory predicts reactivity and complex formation by classifying acids and bases as hard or soft based on their size, charge, and polarizability. Hard acids and bases tend to interact strongly with each other, as do soft acids and bases. This principle helps predict reaction outcomes and complex stability in coordination chemistry.