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HAZWOPER 40 Exam Guide Confined
Spaces, Emergency Procedure & Material
Sampling 2025 Update Questions and Verified
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Confined Spaces QUESTION Lesson Description Answer: This lesson, Confined Spaces, focuses on OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.146, which regulates what the employer must do to make confined space entry work safe for workers. This lesson addresses both the employer's and the employee's confined space responsibilities. It reviews the types of hazards (i.e., soil, atmosphere, and gas) that must be identified and controlled. Specific details are provided pertaining to the use of proper engineering controls like positive- and negative-pressure ventilation systems, as well as the selection and use of PPE (such as appropriate respirators and body harness systems). Among the many issues addressed, the discussion of pre-entry training, rescue team responsibilities, and ensuring that all permit procedures are followed is of primary importance. QUESTION Learning Objectives
At the completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Answer: List OSHA guidelines for what should be documented on an entry permit. Name three main atmospheric hazards that cause concern in confined spaces. Discuss the two types of forced ventilation.
Clothing Confined Space Rescue Medical Issues Part 3: Excavations Excavation
Planning for Safety The Employer's Safety and Health Program Cave-ins and Protective Support Systems Safety Precautions Installation and Removal of Protective Systems QUESTION Prior to Entering a Confined Space Answer: Before entering a confined space, a review of the specific guidelines for appropriate safe entry and emergency exit is vital. Actual entry into a confined space should only be allowed after the following has taken place: All entrants and attendants have received proper training and equipment. The designated authority on-site has issued the proper permit. The appropriate PPE is in place and utilized. OSHA's required procedures have been put into effect, especially the "buddy system. The procedures set forth in the following sections are based on OSHA Standard in 29 CFR 1910.146. They are a means of protecting worker health and of avoiding accidental injury and death associated with entering, working in, and exiting confined spaces. They are designed to make the confined space safe, to make workers aware of related hazards, and to train in safe work practices. A preliminary evaluation of the site's characteristics must be performed prior to site entry. A secondary more detailed evaluation must be conducted to further identify existing hazards to aid in the selection of appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) for future site activities. The evaluation must include all suspected conditions that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) or that may cause serious harm to employees (e.g., confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, etc.). QUESTION Permit-Required Confined Space Entry
topped vats also fit the OSHA description since they may have limited means of entry and exit, and are not intended for habitation, and could possess hazardous atmospheres. OSHA has determined that individuals who enter permit-required confined spaces are at a significant risk of death or injury. Therefore, all permit- required confined spaces are to be considered dangerous until proven otherwise QUESTION Permit System Answer: To ensure the safety of the individual entering the confined space, the permit system has been devised. In reality, the permit is a mandatory checklist of the precautionary measures that need to be taken before entry. It is mandatory that an employer implement a functional permit program if a permit-required confined space is on the premises. Before entry is authorized, the employer must document: Measures that have been implemented to prevent unauthorized entry. Hazards that have been identified and evaluated before employee entry. The means, procedures, and practices necessary for safe permit space entry operations and show these to have been developed and implemented. IMAGE: https://player.360training.com/ICPFileSystem/PersistentAssets/160953/281133/per mit_system.p df QUESTION Entry Permit OSHA Guidelines Answer: Usually a company or municipality will develop its own format for the permit. OSHA provides the following guidelines on what needs to be documented on an
entry permit: The permit space to be entered The purpose of the entry The date and the authorized duration of the entry permit The authorized entrants by name, or by a means that will allow the attendant to determine quickly and accurately which authorized attendants are within the space
employer Use of testing equipment for atmospheric monitoring Lockout procedures Ventilation Duties of attendant and entrant Safety equipment use
QUESTION
Testing and Monitoring Answer: Central to safe permit-space operations is atmospheric monitoring. From the assignment of protective gear to limitations of work practices, the results of this testing will govern almost every phase of entry. Also, in an implied way, OSHA requires atmospheric testing. There are three main atmospheric hazards that cause concern in confined spaces: Oxygen depletion Flammability Toxicity Our monitoring practices and instruments should be geared toward these three central hazards. QUESTION MAJOR HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACE (VIDEO) https://player.360training.com/ICPFileSystem/PersistentAssets/413781/644021/HA Z40-L13-V2- GM_v2.mp Answer: QUESTION Labeling and Posting Answer: All warning signs shall be printed in English and also be printed in the predominant language of non-English reading employees. Employees unable to read labels and posted signs must receive additional information regarding hazardous areas and should be informed of the instructions printed on the signs.
QUESTION
Work Practices Answer: Before entering a confined space, employees shall review the specific guidelines appropriate for safe entry and emergency exit. These guidelines or standards must be compiled by the qualified person and be definitive on all the possible hazards in areas covered by such guidelines. QUESTION Ventilation Answer: As stated earlier, one of the greatest hazards in confined spaces is the atmosphere. It can contain flammable gases, toxic gases, or an atmosphere depleted of or enriched in oxygen. Ventilation is needed when an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health), or nearly IDLH, atmosphere exists in confined spaces. IDLH means toxic gas levels are above OSHA's permissible exposure level, a flammable gas's concentration is greater than 10 percent of its lower explosive limit (LEL), or oxygen concentration is less than 19.5 percent or greater than 23.5 percent. Ventilation is not limited to those situations. Very hot environments can be ventilated with cooler air. Atmospheres that contain toxic gases can be ventilated even though the concentration is still below the PEL. Some sources say that ventilation is adequate when it exchanges the atmosphere in the space 30 times per hour with 12 changes made prior to entry. QUESTION Atmosphere Answer: The atmosphere in a confined space can be altered in many ways. In some cases, chemical treatment changes the atmosphere. This usually is done in industrial
vessels where entry is frequent. In other cases, flammable vapors in the atmosphere can be absorbed using activated carbon.
QUESTION
Forced Ventilation Answer:
This means that natural ventilation is not very effective. In the confined space entry context, natural ventilation does not usually proceed fast enough; therefore, forced ventilation must be employed. Most commonly, forced ventilation involves a fan, air compressor, or other machine. There are two types of forced ventilation: Positive-pressure ventilation Negative- pressure ventilation Natural wind can also positively or negatively ventilate a container. The effectiveness of natural ventilation depends on: The number of openings The opening sizes The orientation of the openings to the wind Wind speed and consistency QUESTION Positive-Pressure Ventilation Answer: When a space is ventilated by positive pressure, air is blown into the space, thus pressurizing it. The increased pressure forces the contaminated atmosphere out and allows uncontaminated atmosphere in. The scouring action of positive- pressure ventilation also helps to eliminate dead spots where contamination levels can still be high. In many cases, tubes are attached to the output side of the fan, channeling the air to where it is needed. This is very helpful when the airstream needs to bend, as in manhole ventilation, or when only one opening exists in the container. Otherwise, the turbulence caused between inflow and outflow inhibits exchange. By keeping the inflow and outflow gases separate, turbulence is essentially eliminated and efficiency is greatly increased. QUESTION Negative-Pressure Ventilation
The ventilation method is dependent upon the equipment available. Most ventilation fans are not explosion proof. If the atmosphere to be removed from the container is flammable, the use of negative-pressure ventilation requires drawing the gas through the fan, which greatly increases the risk of ignition by the fan's power. Many high capacity fans get their power from an internal combustion engine. If such a fan were used to remove an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, the engine would perform poorly since the atmosphere used by the carburetor would be low in oxygen. Conversely, a run-away situation can result by drawing an oxygen- enriched (or oxidizer) or fuel-enriched atmosphere through the fan. Pneumatic powered fans are sometimes used because they do not present an ignition sources and can be very powerful when run with a large industrial compressor located remotely and attached with long air lines. QUESTION Isolation/Lockout/Tagout Answer: The isolation procedures are specific for each type of confined space. Safety equipment required during this procedure is designated by the qualified person and is dependent upon the potential hazards involved. Permit-required confined spaces must be completely isolated from all other systems by physical disconnection, double block and bleed, or blanking off all lines. In continuous systems, where complete isolation is not possible, such as sewers or utility tunnels, specific written safety procedures approved and enforced by the employer are used. QUESTION Safety Equipment and Clothing Answer: Recall that the purpose of chemical protective clothing (CPC) and personal protective equipment (PPE) is to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical, and biological hazards that may be encountered. Careful selection and use of adequate PPE for confined space entry should protect the lungs, skin, eyes, ears, nose, face, hands, feet, head, body, etc. Of course engineering and administrative controls should be employed before relying on PPE.
No single combination of protective equipment and clothing is capable of protecting against all hazards. Therefore, PPE should be used in conjunction with other protective methods. The use of PPE can itself create significant worker hazards, such as heat stress, physical and psychological stress, and impaired vision, mobility, and communication. In general, the greater the level of PPE protection, the greater the associated risks. For any given situation, equipment
