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HC2A UNIT 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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What is the lowest arterial pressure (MAP) necessary to perfuse major organs of the body?
A) 90 to 100 mmHg
B) 70 to 80 mmHg
C) 80 to 90 mmHg
D) 60 to 70 mmHg
D) 60 to 70 mmHg
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A patient is admitted with a weight loss of 2.3 kg over 36 hours, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Based on this information, the nurse should assess which cardiovascular parameter more closely? A) Preload B) Afterload C) Heart Rate D) Stroke Volume A) Preload
What would the nurse calculate the cardiac output to be when the client's heart rate is 68 beats/min and the stroke volume is 50 mL? A) 4000 L/min B) 3400 L/min C) 4800 L/min D) 4400 L/min B) 3400 L/min
Which cardiovascular assessment changes would the nurse expect in an older client? SATA.
A) Increased Dizziness
B) Fewer Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC)
C) Very Short QT Interval on EKG
D) Presence of Murmurs
E) Atrial Dysrhythmias
F) Positive for Orthostatic BP
A, D, E, F
Which clients should the nurse anticipate will require a pharmacological intervention to manage their blood pressure? SATA.
A) A 30-year-old female whose blood pressure is 138/88 mmHg who is otherwise healthy
B) A 61-year-old male whose blood pressure is 154/90 mmHg who also has Type 2 Diabetes
C) A 56-year-old female whose blood pressure is 135/84 mmHg who also has Cushing's Disease
D) A 65-year-old male whose blood pressure is 148/88 mmHg who is otherwise healthy
E) A 61-year-old female whose blood pressure is 153/92 mmHg who is otherwise healthy
B, E
When the nurse performs BP screenings, which clients would be referred for further evaluation? SATA.
A) Client with heart disease and BP 148/
B) COPD client with BP 158/
C) Diabetic client with BP 118/
D) Client with no known health problems and BP 106/
E) Renal failure client with BP 180/
A, B, E
Which lifestyle changes would the nurse teach a client to help control hypertension? SATA.
A) Use relaxation techniques to decrease stress
B) Implement a healthy diet such as the DASH diet
C) Weight reduction if overweight or obese
D) Increase activity by use of a structured exercise program
E) Decrease smoking and nicotine use
A, B, C, D
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What is the most common symptom when a patient is diagnosed with hypertension? A) Headache B) Slurred Speech
D) Blood Pressure Monitoring Device D) Blood Pressure Monitoring Device
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Which symptom causes most clients to seek medical care for PAD? A) Muscle Atrophy B) Rubor in the Extremity C) Intermittent Claudication D) Pain At Rest C) Intermittent Claudication
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! The provider prescribes a client hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) 25mg PO each morning to manage the client's hypertension. Which statement do you include when teaching the patient about this drug? A) "This is a loop diuretic that decreases sodium reabsorption." B) "Eat foods rich in potassium, such as bananas and orange juice." C) "A potassium supplement will be prescribed along with this drug." D) "Hydrodirul is a potassium sparing diuretic that helps prevent the loss of essential potassium." B) "Eat foods rich in potassium, such as bananas and orange juice."
What should the nurse teach a client with PAD about positioning and position changes? A) Avoid crossing legs at all times B) Sleep with legs elevated above the heart if legs are swollen
C) Sit upright in a chair if legs are not swollen D) Change positions slowly when getting out of bed A) Avoid crossing legs at all times
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! How many times should the patient present with hypertension before they are officially diagnosed with hypertension? A) Twice B) Three Times C) Once D) Five Times B) Three Times
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension? Kidney Disease
Hypertensive Crisis BP greater than 180/
Modifiable health issues can cause primary hypertension. True or False?
True
Arteriosclerosis Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis the most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by the formation of plaque and is the leading cause of CV disease
Clients 60 years and older blood pressure goal Less than 150/
Clients less than 60 years old blood pressure goal Less than 140/
of pack per day X # of years smoked =
Pack Years
The nurse is caring for a diabetic client who will be discharged on hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). What information will the nurse include in the discharge teaching? SATA.
A) "This drug may cause a dry, nagging cough."
B) "Take this drug with snack, right before bed."
C) "Try to increase your intake of potassium in your diet."
D) "This drug can affect your glucose control."
E) "Increased urination is expected with this drug."
C, D, E
Which assessment finding will the nurse anticipate in a client with severe atherosclerosis disease? A) Carotid artery bruit B) HDL 60 mg/dL C) Palpable peripheral pulses D) BP 120/58 mmHg A) Carotid artery bruit
The nurse is caring for a client with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease. Which client statement indicates understanding of proper self-management? A) "I need to reduce the number of cigarettes I smoke each day." B) "I'll elevate my legs above the level of my heart." C) "I'll use a heating pad to promote circulation." D) "I'll start to exercise gradually, stopping when I have pain." D) "I'll start to exercise gradually, stopping when I have pain."
The nurse is teaching a client with stage I hypertension. Which client statement
E) Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke
F) History of repeated streptococcal tonsilitis
G) Family history of cardiovascular disease
D, E, G
The nurse is teaching a class regarding reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which teaching statement will the nurse include? SATA.
A) "If you tend to get angry easily, then your risk for heart disease is higher."
B) "To reduce your overall risk, it's important to keep your BMI greater than 30."
C) "Do not eat more calories on a daily basis that you are able to burn."
D) "Decreasing the amount that you smoke will decrease your overall cardiovascular risk."
E) "Secondhand smoke creates a significant risk to others for cardiovascular disease."
F) "Exercise moderately at least 2 days per week for a total of 150 minutes."
A, C, E, F
The nurse is assessing the client's heart sounds. Which instruction will the nurse provide if there is difficulty in hearing heart sounds? A) "Please roll onto your left side." B) "Lay all the way down on your back." C) "Please hold your breath while I use my stethoscope." D) "I will just take your pulse instead." A) "Please roll onto your left side."
Elevated BP Range Systolic: 120- Diastolic: < 80
PAD Signs/Symptoms Intermittent Claudication Pain No edema No pulse or weak pulse No drainage Round smooth sores on toes and feet Black eschar
PVD Signs/Symptoms Dull, achy calf pain Lower leg edema Pulse present
A) Foot care
B) Adherence to exercise program as tolerated
C) Apply direct heat to skin
D) Decrease smoking
E) Monitor I&O's/record daily weights
F) Hydrate
G) Avoid pressure on popliteal space
A, B, E, F, G
Hypertensive Crisis Symptoms Morning Headaches Blurry Vision Dyspnea Uremia Nosebleeds
How often should the nurse check the patients blood pressure during a hypertensive crisis?
A) Once every 5-15 minutes B) Once every 2-5 minutes C) Once every 15-30 minutes D) Once every hour A) Once every 5-15 minutes
St. John's Wort and grapefruit juice can increase the action of which drug? A) Diuretics B) Calcium Channel Blockers C) Beta Blockers D) ACE Inhibitors B) Calcium Channel Blockers
Simvastatin Antihyperlipidemic
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Anti-platelet
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Calcium Channel Blocker; antihypertensive
B) 5-6 times a week (1 hour each time) C) 3-4 times a week (30-40 minutes each time) D) Twice a week (15 minutes each time) C) 3-4 times a week (30-40 minutes each time)
Patients should lower their sodium intake to no more than 2400mg daily, however, 1500mg is preferred. True or False?
True
Which statement best defines the cardiovascular concept of preload?
A) Amount of resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels
B) Degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and just before the heart contracts
C) The volume of blood ejected each minute by the heart
D) Force of blood exerted against the vessel walls
B) Degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and just before the heart contracts
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
What is the client's pulse pressure when the nurse finds that his or her blood pressure is 148/86 mmHg? A) 48 mmHg B) 56 mmHg C) 62 mmHg D) 86 mmHg C) 62 mmHg
What is the nurses best response when a client asks about the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
A) Arteriosclerosis is the sudden blockage of an artery while atherosclerosis is formation of plaque in arteries.
B) Atherosclerosis is forming plaques in arteries but arteriosclerosis is thickening of arterial walls associated with aging.
C) Arteriosclerosis is hardening of arterial walls while atherosclerosis involves permanent localized dilation of arteries.
D) Atherosclerosis is thickening of arterial walls but arteriosclerosis is clot formation usually in the deep veins.
B) Atherosclerosis is forming plaques in arteries but arteriosclerosis is thickening of arterial walls associated with aging.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What priority teaching would the nurse provide for a client who will be discharged with a
