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HCB TEST 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025
UPDATE
1. Antibacterial--PRECISE ANSWER-- Directed or effective against bacteria.
2. Antiseptic--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms.
3. Asepsis--PRECISE ANSWER-- The condition of being aseptic
4. Aseptic technique--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing infection - clean technique
5. Bacteria--PRECISE ANSWER-- (Plural bacterium) any of a domain pf prokaryotic round, spiral, or
rod shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative, typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals.
6. Blood-born Pathogen--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pathogen- a specific causative agent (as a bacterium or
virus) of disease located in the blood.
7. Contagious Disease (Communicable Disease)--PRECISE ANSWER-- communicable by contact with
one who has it, with a bodily discharge of such a patient, or with an object touched by the patient.
8. Contaminated--PRECISE ANSWER-- to soil, stain, or infect by contact or association
9. Direct Contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- union or junction of body surfaces
10. Disinfectant--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harmful microor-
ganisms. (Products)
11. Disinfection--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harm microorgan- isms.
(Action)
12. Fungi--PRECISE ANSWER-- any of the kingdom Fungi of saprophytic and parasitic spore-
producing eukaryotic typically filamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lack chlorophyll
and include molds, rust, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts
13. Health Care Associated Infections- HAIS,--PRECISE ANSWER-- also known as a Nosocomial infec- tion;
acquired or
28. 2nd chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- reservoir
29. reservoir--PRECISE ANSWER-- A place where the pathogen grows and reproduces
30. 3rd chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of exit
31. portal of exit--PRECISE ANSWER-- An exit route for pathogens to leave its host
32. 4th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- mode of transmission
33. mode of transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- The manner in which an infectious agent moves from one
source to another
34. HAIs--PRECISE ANSWER-- hospital acquired infections
35. direct contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- person to person physical contact between source and suscep- tible
host
36. indirect contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- Involves contact with contaminated inanimate objects
37. vector transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- occurs through a bite
38. Droplet infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- occurs when the droplets from an infected person are pro-
jected a short distance to the host's nasal mucosa, mouth or conjunctiva
39. airborne transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- Occurs when infectious particles dispersed in
the air enter the host by inhalation
40. 5th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of entry
41. portal of entry--PRECISE ANSWER-- Place where the pathogen enters the body
42. skin--PRECISE ANSWER-- The most effective barrier to infection
43. Any Portal of Exit can be used as--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of entry
44. 6th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- susceptible host
45. susceptible host--PRECISE ANSWER-- A person who becomes ill after pathogens enter the
body because they cannot fight off the pathogen
61. hypothermia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Body temp which is below normal range
62. hyperthermia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Body temp which is above the normal range
63. Pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Regular, recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery
produced by waves of pressure caused when the heart beats
64. Tachycardia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Abnormally rapid heartbeat; above 100 in adults
65. Bradycardia--PRECISE ANSWER-- slow heartbeat--PRECISE ANSWER-- below 60 in adults
66. Thready pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- a weak, rapid pulse.
67. Bounding pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- unusually strong pulse
68. Arrythmia--PRECISE ANSWER-- A pulse with irregular rhythm
69. Respiration--PRECISE ANSWER-- Exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and body cells
70. Inhalation--PRECISE ANSWER-- The act of taking air into the lungs
71. Exhalation--PRECISE ANSWER-- the act of expelling air from the lungs
72. Dyspnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- labored or difficult breathing
73. apnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- absence of breathing
74. Tachypnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- Excessively rapid breathing
75. Respiration--PRECISE ANSWER-- One inhalation and one exhalation
76. Blood pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- The force that circulating blood exerts against artery walls as
the heart contracts and relaxes
77. Blood pressure is measured in--PRECISE ANSWER-- mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
78. systolic pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pressure creates in the arteries when the heart contracts and
forces blood in to
circulation
79. diastolic pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pressure remaining in the arteries when the heart is relaxed
80. Perfusion--PRECISE ANSWER-- The flow of blood through body tissues, proving them with
oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products
81. hypotension--PRECISE ANSWER-- low blood pressure; may caused insufficient perfusion of internal
organs
82. Hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- high blood pressure; may cause rupture if the arteries and de-
struction of organs
83. abbreviations--PRECISE ANSWER--
84. radial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Known as the wrist pulse and is found on the lateral side of the
patients wrist just above the crease
85. Brachial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Found in the upper arm
86. Carotid pulse - large carotid artery--PRECISE ANSWER-- Felt either side of the neck
87. Femoral pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Found along the femoral artery in the patients leg
88. popliteal pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- behind the knee
89. dorsalis pedis pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- top of foot- between the line of first and second toe - mid foot
90. Posterior tibial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Divides between the medial malleolus and heel into the
lateral and medial plantar arteries
91. SpO2 (pulse oximetry)--PRECISE ANSWER-- Oxygen saturation. Ratio of the amount of oxygen
present in the blood to the amount that could be carried
92. thermometer--PRECISE ANSWER-- An electronic temperature measurement tool capable of taking
oral, ancillary or reveal temperature
93. stethoscope--PRECISE ANSWER-- Auscultation of most sounds requires the use of it. Acoustic most
often.
94. sphygmomanometer--PRECISE ANSWER-- Known as blood pressure cuff
95. Pulse oximeter--PRECISE ANSWER-- electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried
in the blood, known as the oxygen saturation or SpO
96. rectal temperature--PRECISE ANSWER-- Red racial attachment
97. Oral temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 98.6 F
98. rectal temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 99.6 F
99. axillary temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 97.6 F
100. tympanic temperature--PRECISE ANSWER-- 98.6 F
101. Pulse normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 60 - 100 bpm (beats per min)
102. Respiration rate normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 12 - 20 breathe per min
103. Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 96% - 100% oxygen saturation
104. Systolic pressure normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 90 - 140 mm Hg
105. Systolic pressure pre-hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 121 - 139 mm Hg
106. Systolic pressure stage 1 hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 140 - 159 mm Hg
107. Systolic pressure stage 2 hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 160 mm Hg and above
108. Diastolic pressure normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 60 - 90 mm Hg
109. diastolic pressure pre-hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 81 - 89 mm Hg
110. Diastolic pressure stage 1 --PRECISE ANSWER-- 90 - 99 mm Hg
111. Diastolic pressure stage 2 --PRECISE ANSWER-- 100 mm Hg and above
112. acute--PRECISE ANSWER-- short duration
113. chronic--PRECISE ANSWER-- Last several months or longer
114. Pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue
damage
115. Nociceptive(somatic) pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Linked to tissue damage to the skin,
muscu- loskeletal system or vicera. It can be acute or chronic Eg--PRECISE ANSWER-- arthritis
116. neuropathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Is a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the
somatosensory system
117. Central sensitization pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Alteration of the CNS processing of
sensation amplifying signals EX--PRECISE ANSWER-- Fibromyalgia
118. psychogenic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- pain for which no physical cause can be identified
119. idiopathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- without identifiable etiology
120. Onset--PRECISE ANSWER-- beginning - what were you doing?
121. quality--PRECISE ANSWER-- Type of pain eg--PRECISE ANSWER-- sharp, aching
122. defense and veterans pain rating scale--PRECISE ANSWER-- Mild green 0 - 4, moderate yellow 5 - 7 and
severe red 8 - 10
123. 0 --PRECISE ANSWER-- No pain
124. 1 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Hardly notice pain
125. 2 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Notice pain, doesn't interfere with activities
126. 3 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Sometimes distracts me
127. 4 --PRECISE ANSWER-- distracts me, can do usual activities
129. 6 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Hard to ignore, avoid usual activities
130. 7 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Focus of attention, prevents doing daily activities
131. 8 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Awful, hard to do anything
132. 9 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Can't bear the pain unable to do anything
133. 10 --PRECISE ANSWER-- As bad as it could be, nothing else matters
134. Intensity--PRECISE ANSWER-- How bad is it?
135. Type of pain scales--PRECISE ANSWER-- 1 - Numerical rating scale (NRS)
2 - Wong-Baker FACES scale (children and language barrier pt) 3 - Defense and veterans pain rating scale DVPRS
136. Most common pain scale--PRECISE ANSWER-- Number scale where 0 means no pain and 10 worst
pain
137. Location--PRECISE ANSWER-- Where is the pain located? Does it travel or radiate?
138. Pain can be managed by--PRECISE ANSWER-- Medications
139. Oral medication takes--PRECISE ANSWER-- 30 mins to relieve pain
140. IV meds--PRECISE ANSWER-- Works immediately
141. IM (intramuscular) meds takes--PRECISE ANSWER-- 15 mins to relieve pain
142. MAR--PRECISE ANSWER-- medication administration record
143. Nursing notes form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 510
144. Chronological record of medical care form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 600
145. Emergency Treatment Record form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 558
146. Field or Mass casualty form--PRECISE ANSWER-- DD 1380
147. Cancer pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from malignant disease.
148. Chronic or Idiopathic Pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Longer duration than expected for healing or no
identifiable cause.
149. nociceptive pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from damage tissue
150. neuropathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from damage nerves
151. Phychogenic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Without visible signs of disease
152. Acute pain is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Sudden and usually sharp. It last few minutes to weeks or months
153. Chronic pain is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Persist after healing has occurred. Last more than 6
months often described as burning it radiating.
154. abnormal gait--PRECISE ANSWER-- disorder in the manner of walking
155. OPQRST stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset, Provoked, Quality, Radiates, Severity (Scale), Time
156. airway--PRECISE ANSWER-- passageway air enters and leaves body
157. Primary Assessment is--PRECISE ANSWER-- The portion of the test during which you will
focus exclusively on life threats that interfere with airway, breathing, and circulation
158. rapid trauma assessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- A rapid assessment of the head, neck,
chest, ab- domine, pelvis, extremitites and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury.
159. Reassessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- a procedure for detecting changes in a patient's condition. It
involves four steps--PRECISE ANSWER-- repeating the primary assessment, repeating and recording vital signs, repeating the physical exam, and checking interventions.
160. Secondary Assessment is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Done after the scene safety and primary
assess- ment the includes patient history, review of systems and physical examination and vital signs
173. Interventions--PRECISE ANSWER-- Actions taken to correct or manage a patients problem
174. interview--PRECISE ANSWER-- A verbal interaction with a patient for a specific purpose
175. mechanism of injury (MOI)--PRECISE ANSWER-- a force or forces that may have caused injury
176. Medical patient--PRECISE ANSWER-- A patient with one or more medical disease or conditions
177. Mental status--PRECISE ANSWER-- level of responsiveness
178. nature of illness (NOI)--PRECISE ANSWER-- What's medically wrong with the patient
179. objective--PRECISE ANSWER-- Direct observations from what you see, hear, smell and touch
180. Open ended question--PRECISE ANSWER-- A question requiring more than just a yes or no answer
181. orthopnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat
182. Past Medical History (PMH)--PRECISE ANSWER-- information gathered regarding the patient's
health problems in the past
183. penetrating trauma--PRECISE ANSWER-- Injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or
other body tissue
184. Plan--PRECISE ANSWER-- Diagnostic testing, therapeutic modalities, need for consultants
and ra- tionale for these decisions
185. polydipsia--PRECISE ANSWER-- excessive thirst
186. scene size-up--PRECISE ANSWER-- Steps taken by medical personnel when approaching the
scene of an emergency call
187. sign--PRECISE ANSWER-- something regarding the patient's condition that you can see
188. subjective--PRECISE ANSWER-- Information, including the absence or presence of pertinent
symp- toms, that the patient tells you
189. Symptoms--PRECISE ANSWER-- Something regarding the patients condition that the patient tell you
206. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- P stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pertinent past medical history
207. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- L stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Last oral intake
208. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- E stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Events leading to the injury or
illness
209. The mnemonic OPQRST (History of presented illness-HPI) is used to--PRECISE ANSWER--
Help define the signs and symptoms
210. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- O stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset
211. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- P stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Provocation
212. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- Q stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Quality
213. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- R stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Region or relief
214. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- S stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Severity
215. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- T stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Time
216. Auscultate is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Listening for signs of an abnormal condition using the
stetho- scope I.e. listening to the lungs
217. Deformities--PRECISE ANSWER-- Parts of the body that no longer have the normal shape
218. contusions--PRECISE ANSWER-- bruises
219. Abrasions--PRECISE ANSWER-- scrapes
220. Punctures and Penetrations--PRECISE ANSWER-- holes in the body
221. Burns--PRECISE ANSWER-- reddened, blistered or charred looking areas
222. tenderness--PRECISE ANSWER-- Area that hurts when pressure is applied to it or it's palpated
223. Lacerations--PRECISE ANSWER-- Cuts it open wounds
224. swelling--PRECISE ANSWER-- result of injured capillaries bleeding under the skin
225. ALS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Advance Life Support
226. How often you conduct a reassessment for a stable patient?--PRECISE ANSWER-- Every 15 mins
227. How often you conduct a reassessment for a unstable patient?--PRECISE ANSWER-- Every 5 mins
228. PERRL--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light
229. OLDCARTS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset
Location Duration Characteristics Aggravating and Alleviating Factors Related Symptoms Treatment Severity
230. PSA--PRECISE ANSWER-- prostate-specific antigen
231. FOBT--PRECISE ANSWER-- fecal occult blood test
232. LMP--PRECISE ANSWER-- last menstrual period
233. Subjective Observation--PRECISE ANSWER-- Verbal statement given directly from patient or family
member
234. Objective Observation--PRECISE ANSWER-- Signs the HM can actually see, hear, touch, feel or smell
235. Assessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- Preliminary diagnosis of the patients condition
236. OLDCARTS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Inpatients
237. OPQRST is used in--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pre- Hospital
