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HCB TEST 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025 UPDATE, Exams of Nursing

HCB TEST 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025 UPDATE

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2024/2025

Available from 06/30/2025

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HCB TEST 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025
UPDATE
1. Antibacterial--PRECISE ANSWER-- Directed or effective against bacteria.
2. Antiseptic--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms.
3. Asepsis--PRECISE ANSWER-- The condition of being aseptic
4. Aseptic technique--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing infection - clean technique
5. Bacteria--PRECISE ANSWER-- (Plural bacterium) any of a domain pf prokaryotic round, spiral, or
rod shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative,
typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals.
6. Blood-born Pathogen--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pathogen- a specific causative agent (as a bacterium or
virus) of disease located in the blood.
7. Contagious Disease (Communicable Disease)--PRECISE ANSWER-- communicable by contact with
one who has it, with a bodily discharge of such a patient, or with an object touched by the patient.
8. Contaminated--PRECISE ANSWER-- to soil, stain, or infect by contact or association
9. Direct Contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- union or junction of body surfaces
10. Disinfectant--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harmful microor-
ganisms. (Products)
11. Disinfection--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harm microorgan- isms.
(Action)
12. Fungi--PRECISE ANSWER-- any of the kingdom Fungi of saprophytic and parasitic spore-
producing eukaryotic typically filamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lack chlorophyll
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HCB TEST 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025

UPDATE

1. Antibacterial--PRECISE ANSWER-- Directed or effective against bacteria.

2. Antiseptic--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms.

3. Asepsis--PRECISE ANSWER-- The condition of being aseptic

4. Aseptic technique--PRECISE ANSWER-- preventing infection - clean technique

5. Bacteria--PRECISE ANSWER-- (Plural bacterium) any of a domain pf prokaryotic round, spiral, or

rod shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative, typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals.

6. Blood-born Pathogen--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pathogen- a specific causative agent (as a bacterium or

virus) of disease located in the blood.

7. Contagious Disease (Communicable Disease)--PRECISE ANSWER-- communicable by contact with

one who has it, with a bodily discharge of such a patient, or with an object touched by the patient.

8. Contaminated--PRECISE ANSWER-- to soil, stain, or infect by contact or association

9. Direct Contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- union or junction of body surfaces

10. Disinfectant--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harmful microor-

ganisms. (Products)

11. Disinfection--PRECISE ANSWER-- to free from infection especially by destroying harm microorgan- isms.

(Action)

12. Fungi--PRECISE ANSWER-- any of the kingdom Fungi of saprophytic and parasitic spore-

producing eukaryotic typically filamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lack chlorophyll

and include molds, rust, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts

13. Health Care Associated Infections- HAIS,--PRECISE ANSWER-- also known as a Nosocomial infec- tion;

acquired or

28. 2nd chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- reservoir

29. reservoir--PRECISE ANSWER-- A place where the pathogen grows and reproduces

30. 3rd chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of exit

31. portal of exit--PRECISE ANSWER-- An exit route for pathogens to leave its host

32. 4th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- mode of transmission

33. mode of transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- The manner in which an infectious agent moves from one

source to another

34. HAIs--PRECISE ANSWER-- hospital acquired infections

35. direct contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- person to person physical contact between source and suscep- tible

host

36. indirect contact--PRECISE ANSWER-- Involves contact with contaminated inanimate objects

37. vector transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- occurs through a bite

38. Droplet infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- occurs when the droplets from an infected person are pro-

jected a short distance to the host's nasal mucosa, mouth or conjunctiva

39. airborne transmission--PRECISE ANSWER-- Occurs when infectious particles dispersed in

the air enter the host by inhalation

40. 5th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of entry

41. portal of entry--PRECISE ANSWER-- Place where the pathogen enters the body

42. skin--PRECISE ANSWER-- The most effective barrier to infection

43. Any Portal of Exit can be used as--PRECISE ANSWER-- portal of entry

44. 6th chain of infection--PRECISE ANSWER-- susceptible host

45. susceptible host--PRECISE ANSWER-- A person who becomes ill after pathogens enter the

body because they cannot fight off the pathogen

61. hypothermia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Body temp which is below normal range

62. hyperthermia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Body temp which is above the normal range

63. Pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Regular, recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery

produced by waves of pressure caused when the heart beats

64. Tachycardia--PRECISE ANSWER-- Abnormally rapid heartbeat; above 100 in adults

65. Bradycardia--PRECISE ANSWER-- slow heartbeat--PRECISE ANSWER-- below 60 in adults

66. Thready pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- a weak, rapid pulse.

67. Bounding pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- unusually strong pulse

68. Arrythmia--PRECISE ANSWER-- A pulse with irregular rhythm

69. Respiration--PRECISE ANSWER-- Exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and body cells

70. Inhalation--PRECISE ANSWER-- The act of taking air into the lungs

71. Exhalation--PRECISE ANSWER-- the act of expelling air from the lungs

72. Dyspnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- labored or difficult breathing

73. apnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- absence of breathing

74. Tachypnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- Excessively rapid breathing

75. Respiration--PRECISE ANSWER-- One inhalation and one exhalation

76. Blood pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- The force that circulating blood exerts against artery walls as

the heart contracts and relaxes

77. Blood pressure is measured in--PRECISE ANSWER-- mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

78. systolic pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pressure creates in the arteries when the heart contracts and

forces blood in to

circulation

79. diastolic pressure--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pressure remaining in the arteries when the heart is relaxed

80. Perfusion--PRECISE ANSWER-- The flow of blood through body tissues, proving them with

oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products

81. hypotension--PRECISE ANSWER-- low blood pressure; may caused insufficient perfusion of internal

organs

82. Hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- high blood pressure; may cause rupture if the arteries and de-

struction of organs

83. abbreviations--PRECISE ANSWER--

84. radial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Known as the wrist pulse and is found on the lateral side of the

patients wrist just above the crease

85. Brachial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Found in the upper arm

86. Carotid pulse - large carotid artery--PRECISE ANSWER-- Felt either side of the neck

87. Femoral pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Found along the femoral artery in the patients leg

88. popliteal pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- behind the knee

89. dorsalis pedis pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- top of foot- between the line of first and second toe - mid foot

90. Posterior tibial pulse--PRECISE ANSWER-- Divides between the medial malleolus and heel into the

lateral and medial plantar arteries

91. SpO2 (pulse oximetry)--PRECISE ANSWER-- Oxygen saturation. Ratio of the amount of oxygen

present in the blood to the amount that could be carried

92. thermometer--PRECISE ANSWER-- An electronic temperature measurement tool capable of taking

oral, ancillary or reveal temperature

93. stethoscope--PRECISE ANSWER-- Auscultation of most sounds requires the use of it. Acoustic most

often.

94. sphygmomanometer--PRECISE ANSWER-- Known as blood pressure cuff

95. Pulse oximeter--PRECISE ANSWER-- electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried

in the blood, known as the oxygen saturation or SpO

96. rectal temperature--PRECISE ANSWER-- Red racial attachment

97. Oral temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 98.6 F

98. rectal temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 99.6 F

99. axillary temperature normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 97.6 F

100. tympanic temperature--PRECISE ANSWER-- 98.6 F

101. Pulse normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 60 - 100 bpm (beats per min)

102. Respiration rate normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 12 - 20 breathe per min

103. Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 96% - 100% oxygen saturation

104. Systolic pressure normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 90 - 140 mm Hg

105. Systolic pressure pre-hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 121 - 139 mm Hg

106. Systolic pressure stage 1 hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 140 - 159 mm Hg

107. Systolic pressure stage 2 hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 160 mm Hg and above

108. Diastolic pressure normal range--PRECISE ANSWER-- 60 - 90 mm Hg

109. diastolic pressure pre-hypertension--PRECISE ANSWER-- 81 - 89 mm Hg

110. Diastolic pressure stage 1 --PRECISE ANSWER-- 90 - 99 mm Hg

111. Diastolic pressure stage 2 --PRECISE ANSWER-- 100 mm Hg and above

112. acute--PRECISE ANSWER-- short duration

113. chronic--PRECISE ANSWER-- Last several months or longer

114. Pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue

damage

115. Nociceptive(somatic) pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Linked to tissue damage to the skin,

muscu- loskeletal system or vicera. It can be acute or chronic Eg--PRECISE ANSWER-- arthritis

116. neuropathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Is a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the

somatosensory system

117. Central sensitization pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Alteration of the CNS processing of

sensation amplifying signals EX--PRECISE ANSWER-- Fibromyalgia

118. psychogenic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- pain for which no physical cause can be identified

119. idiopathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- without identifiable etiology

120. Onset--PRECISE ANSWER-- beginning - what were you doing?

121. quality--PRECISE ANSWER-- Type of pain eg--PRECISE ANSWER-- sharp, aching

122. defense and veterans pain rating scale--PRECISE ANSWER-- Mild green 0 - 4, moderate yellow 5 - 7 and

severe red 8 - 10

123. 0 --PRECISE ANSWER-- No pain

124. 1 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Hardly notice pain

125. 2 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Notice pain, doesn't interfere with activities

126. 3 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Sometimes distracts me

127. 4 --PRECISE ANSWER-- distracts me, can do usual activities

129. 6 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Hard to ignore, avoid usual activities

130. 7 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Focus of attention, prevents doing daily activities

131. 8 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Awful, hard to do anything

132. 9 --PRECISE ANSWER-- Can't bear the pain unable to do anything

133. 10 --PRECISE ANSWER-- As bad as it could be, nothing else matters

134. Intensity--PRECISE ANSWER-- How bad is it?

135. Type of pain scales--PRECISE ANSWER-- 1 - Numerical rating scale (NRS)

2 - Wong-Baker FACES scale (children and language barrier pt) 3 - Defense and veterans pain rating scale DVPRS

136. Most common pain scale--PRECISE ANSWER-- Number scale where 0 means no pain and 10 worst

pain

137. Location--PRECISE ANSWER-- Where is the pain located? Does it travel or radiate?

138. Pain can be managed by--PRECISE ANSWER-- Medications

139. Oral medication takes--PRECISE ANSWER-- 30 mins to relieve pain

140. IV meds--PRECISE ANSWER-- Works immediately

141. IM (intramuscular) meds takes--PRECISE ANSWER-- 15 mins to relieve pain

142. MAR--PRECISE ANSWER-- medication administration record

143. Nursing notes form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 510

144. Chronological record of medical care form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 600

145. Emergency Treatment Record form--PRECISE ANSWER-- SF 558

146. Field or Mass casualty form--PRECISE ANSWER-- DD 1380

147. Cancer pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from malignant disease.

148. Chronic or Idiopathic Pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Longer duration than expected for healing or no

identifiable cause.

149. nociceptive pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from damage tissue

150. neuropathic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Resulting from damage nerves

151. Phychogenic pain--PRECISE ANSWER-- Without visible signs of disease

152. Acute pain is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Sudden and usually sharp. It last few minutes to weeks or months

153. Chronic pain is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Persist after healing has occurred. Last more than 6

months often described as burning it radiating.

154. abnormal gait--PRECISE ANSWER-- disorder in the manner of walking

155. OPQRST stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset, Provoked, Quality, Radiates, Severity (Scale), Time

156. airway--PRECISE ANSWER-- passageway air enters and leaves body

157. Primary Assessment is--PRECISE ANSWER-- The portion of the test during which you will

focus exclusively on life threats that interfere with airway, breathing, and circulation

158. rapid trauma assessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- A rapid assessment of the head, neck,

chest, ab- domine, pelvis, extremitites and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury.

159. Reassessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- a procedure for detecting changes in a patient's condition. It

involves four steps--PRECISE ANSWER-- repeating the primary assessment, repeating and recording vital signs, repeating the physical exam, and checking interventions.

160. Secondary Assessment is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Done after the scene safety and primary

assess- ment the includes patient history, review of systems and physical examination and vital signs

173. Interventions--PRECISE ANSWER-- Actions taken to correct or manage a patients problem

174. interview--PRECISE ANSWER-- A verbal interaction with a patient for a specific purpose

175. mechanism of injury (MOI)--PRECISE ANSWER-- a force or forces that may have caused injury

176. Medical patient--PRECISE ANSWER-- A patient with one or more medical disease or conditions

177. Mental status--PRECISE ANSWER-- level of responsiveness

178. nature of illness (NOI)--PRECISE ANSWER-- What's medically wrong with the patient

179. objective--PRECISE ANSWER-- Direct observations from what you see, hear, smell and touch

180. Open ended question--PRECISE ANSWER-- A question requiring more than just a yes or no answer

181. orthopnea--PRECISE ANSWER-- discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat

182. Past Medical History (PMH)--PRECISE ANSWER-- information gathered regarding the patient's

health problems in the past

183. penetrating trauma--PRECISE ANSWER-- Injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or

other body tissue

184. Plan--PRECISE ANSWER-- Diagnostic testing, therapeutic modalities, need for consultants

and ra- tionale for these decisions

185. polydipsia--PRECISE ANSWER-- excessive thirst

186. scene size-up--PRECISE ANSWER-- Steps taken by medical personnel when approaching the

scene of an emergency call

187. sign--PRECISE ANSWER-- something regarding the patient's condition that you can see

188. subjective--PRECISE ANSWER-- Information, including the absence or presence of pertinent

symp- toms, that the patient tells you

189. Symptoms--PRECISE ANSWER-- Something regarding the patients condition that the patient tell you

206. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- P stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pertinent past medical history

207. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- L stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Last oral intake

208. In SAMPLE--PRECISE ANSWER-- E stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Events leading to the injury or

illness

209. The mnemonic OPQRST (History of presented illness-HPI) is used to--PRECISE ANSWER--

Help define the signs and symptoms

210. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- O stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset

211. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- P stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Provocation

212. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- Q stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Quality

213. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- R stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Region or relief

214. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- S stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Severity

215. In OPQRST--PRECISE ANSWER-- T stand for--PRECISE ANSWER-- Time

216. Auscultate is--PRECISE ANSWER-- Listening for signs of an abnormal condition using the

stetho- scope I.e. listening to the lungs

217. Deformities--PRECISE ANSWER-- Parts of the body that no longer have the normal shape

218. contusions--PRECISE ANSWER-- bruises

219. Abrasions--PRECISE ANSWER-- scrapes

220. Punctures and Penetrations--PRECISE ANSWER-- holes in the body

221. Burns--PRECISE ANSWER-- reddened, blistered or charred looking areas

222. tenderness--PRECISE ANSWER-- Area that hurts when pressure is applied to it or it's palpated

223. Lacerations--PRECISE ANSWER-- Cuts it open wounds

224. swelling--PRECISE ANSWER-- result of injured capillaries bleeding under the skin

225. ALS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Advance Life Support

226. How often you conduct a reassessment for a stable patient?--PRECISE ANSWER-- Every 15 mins

227. How often you conduct a reassessment for a unstable patient?--PRECISE ANSWER-- Every 5 mins

228. PERRL--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light

229. OLDCARTS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Onset

Location Duration Characteristics Aggravating and Alleviating Factors Related Symptoms Treatment Severity

230. PSA--PRECISE ANSWER-- prostate-specific antigen

231. FOBT--PRECISE ANSWER-- fecal occult blood test

232. LMP--PRECISE ANSWER-- last menstrual period

233. Subjective Observation--PRECISE ANSWER-- Verbal statement given directly from patient or family

member

234. Objective Observation--PRECISE ANSWER-- Signs the HM can actually see, hear, touch, feel or smell

235. Assessment--PRECISE ANSWER-- Preliminary diagnosis of the patients condition

236. OLDCARTS--PRECISE ANSWER-- Inpatients

237. OPQRST is used in--PRECISE ANSWER-- Pre- Hospital