Partial preview of the text
Download Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: Terms, Definitions, and Functions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
apex
bottom left pointy part of heart
TERM 2
pericardium
DEFINITION 2
sac that encloses heart (filled with pericardial fluid)
TERM 3
epicardium
DEFINITION 3
outermost layer on the wall of heart(visceral pericardium)
TERM 4
myocardium
DEFINITION 4
middle muscular layer to the heart (thickest)
TERM 5
endocardium
DEFINITION 5
lines the chambers/cavities within the heart (deepest)made
of simple squamous epithelium
right and left atrium
top chamber of heart
TERM 7
right and left ventricle
DEFINITION 7
bottom chamber of heart
TERM 8
septum
DEFINITION 8
wall, separates right half from left half
TERM 9
superior and inferior vena
cava
DEFINITION 9
blood vessels that attach to right atrium
TERM 10
pulmonary trunk
DEFINITION 10
divides into pulmonary arteries
semi-lunar valves
pulmonary: to pulmonary trunkaortic: to aorta
TERM 17
pulmonary circulation
DEFINITION 17
heart to lungs back to heartright ventricle into pulmonary
trunk which divides into pulmonary arteries to the lungs to
pulmonary veins into left atrium
TERM 18
systemic circulation
DEFINITION 18
heart to rest of body back to heartleft ventricle into aorta
which branches into many systemic arteries to the body to
many systemic veins which empty into either
superior/inferior vena cava which empties into right atrium
TERM 19
cardiac cycle
DEFINITION 19
heart soundslub: closing of AV valves, occurs the moment
ventricles begin to contract (ventricular systole)dub: closing
of semi-lunar valves, occurs the moment ventricles begin to
relax (ventricular diastole)
TERM 20
systole
DEFINITION 20
contraction phaseemptying blood into ventricles
diastole
relaxation phasefilling with blood
TERM 22
murmurs
DEFINITION 22
abnormal heart sound created if any kind of turbulent blood
flow arises in heart (lub, gurgle, dub)
TERM 23
heart
muscles
DEFINITION 23
atria and ventricles
TERM 24
conducting system of the heart
DEFINITION 24
pathway for flow of electrical current
TERM 25
SA node
DEFINITION 25
top of right atrium where electric current startselectric
current spreads across wall of both atria causing
contraction"the pacemaker"
coronary arteries
wrap around heart, supply oxygen rich blood to the heart
muscle
TERM 32
cardiac veins
DEFINITION 32
drain oxygen poor blood from heart muscle
TERM 33
angina pectoris
DEFINITION 33
substernal chest pain due to myocardial ischemia
TERM 34
myocardial infarction
DEFINITION 34
heart cell death due to prolonged ischemia
TERM 35
myocardial ischemia
DEFINITION 35
plaque developing in coronary arteries obstructs blood flow
plaque
fatty deposit in wall of blood vessel
TERM 37
direction of blood flow
DEFINITION 37
arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins
TERM 38
arterioles
DEFINITION 38
microscopic branches off of arteries
TERM 39
capillaries
DEFINITION 39
narrowest of all blood cells (RBCs single file)so thin that
oxygen and nutrients can exit to supply tissues
TERM 40
venules
DEFINITION 40
come together into veins
vasodilation
when muscle in wall relaxes and lumen enlarges
TERM 47
arteries
DEFINITION 47
1. elastic: able to recoil after having been stressed2.
muscular: thick layered wall because of high pressure blood
flow
TERM 48
capillaries
DEFINITION 48
narrowest of all blood vesselswall is only endothelium
TERM 49
capillary
beds
DEFINITION 49
network of capillaries supplied by a single arteriole
TERM 50
pre-capillary sphincter muscle
DEFINITION 50
sphincter: circular arrangement of muscle that remains
contracted and closed until its triggered to relax and
openblood goes to path of least resistance
fenestrated
lots of holes, very leaky
TERM 52
continuous
DEFINITION 52
aren't leaky at all, cells in wall are tightly bound together
TERM 53
veins
DEFINITION 53
1. low pressure: thin walls because of low pressure blood
flow2. valves: designed to maintain any back flow3. varicose
veins: overly distended veins (distorted)
TERM 54
aneurysm
DEFINITION 54
overly distended artery
