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Physiology and function of heart and cardiac system.
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(^) 4 chambers (^) 4 valves (^) All blood vessels going into/out of heart (^) Using a blue pencil, indicate oxygen- poor blood flow (^) Using a red pencil, indicate oxygen-rich blood flow
Sequence of action: 1.Sinoatrial (SA) node – right atrium
▪ Generates impulses^ ^ Starts each heartbeat 2.Atrioventricular (AV) node – between atria & ventricles ▪ Atria contract 3.Bundle of His (or AV bundle) 4.Bundle branches – interventricular septum 5.Purkinje fibers – spread within ventricle walls
▪ Ventricles contract
(^) Records the electrical activity of the heart (^) Electrocardiograph: graphic record of heart activity
(^) P wave : atria
contact (^) QRS complex :
ventricles contract (^) T wave : ventricles
relax
(^) “Lub”:“Lub”: closing of
AV valves (^) “Dub”:“Dub”: semilunar
valves close at end of systole
(^) Angina pectoris: heart
muscle deprived of O 2 ,crushing chest pain (^) Myocardial infarction
(Heart Attack): prolonged angina, heart cells may die
(^) Damage to SA node slower heart rate
(^) Install artificial pacemaker (^) Damage to AV node Heart block: ventricles beat at own rate (slower or not at all) (^) Tachycardia: rapid heart rate (> beats/min) (^) Bradycardia: very slow heart rate (< beats/min) (^) Heart murmur: abnormal or unusual heart sounds (^) Often valve problems
(^) Cardiac Output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV) (^) Stroke volume: volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each best
Average adult: CO = HR (75 beats/min) x SV ( ml/beat) CO = 5250 ml/min
