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3. An example of the recent geographic spread of a communicable disease includes a) small pox b) cervical cancer c) chikungunya d) polio ANSWERV ¥ c) chikungunya Which example of a health issue would require the most intersectional collaboration to address: a) reduction of tobacco consumption b) childhood vaccination c) essential surgery d) improving maternal care ANSWERV V A. Reduction of tobacco consumption The best description below of the focus of public health is: a) achicving medical care for all b) reducing road traffic injuries c) preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health through organized. community effort d) extending life expectancy ANSWERV ¥ c) preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health through organized community effort Which statement least reflects a global health concern a) the application of public health issue that transcend national boundaries b) the achievement of greater health equity in an individual country c) cooperative efforts needed to solve a critical public health problem affecting many countries d) global standard setting on diagnostics and drags ANSWERV ¥ b) the achievement of greater health equity in an individual country 7. Planetary health refers to: a) an approach to public health that concerns animal health b) an approach to public health that focuses on zoonotic disease c) an approach to public health that focuses on the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment d) an approach to public health that focuses on the achievement ANSWERV ¥ c) an approach to public health that focuses on the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment The sustainable development goals: a) include a range of goals and targets that relate to health b) focus on a healthy environment ¢) are all to be achieved by 2020 d) say little about global health ANSWERV ¥ a) include a range of goals and targets that relate to health Which of the following is an cxample of a public health approach d) all of the above are public health activities ANSWERV ¥ a) community based screening for HIV Important progress in health has resulted from: a) improvements in hygiene, access to safe water, and access to safe sanitation b) improvements in technology. such as the dissemination of childhood vaccines c) increases in people level of education d) all of the above ANSWERV ¥ 4) all of the above Example of countries that in the last 50 years achieved substantially better level of population health than one might have predicted by their income level include: a) Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands b) the US c) Cuba, Costa Rica and China d) Liberia and Sierra Leone ANSWERV V c) Cuba, Costa Rica and China What is determinant health? a) the range of condition that determine the health status of an individual b) the range of personal, social, cconomie and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations c) the personal factors that determine the health stud of an individual d) the personal factors that determine the health status of a community ANS WERV ¥ b) the range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations Some inborn determinant of health include: a) genetic make-up b) age ¢c) social status d) both genetic make up and age ANSWERV ¥ d) both genetic make up and age Environmental determinants of health would include: a) Access to safe drinking water b) Tabaco consumption c) genetic inheritance d) level of education ANSWERV V a) Access to safe drinking water Children are likely to be healthier in a country in which : a) the government invests mostly in education b) the government makes education including for girls a national priority c) the government invests in cducation bul most students are boys d) the government invests in hospitals in urban areas ANSWERV ¥ b) the government makes education including for girls a national priority a) vaccination b) treating hypertension with drug therapy c) mammography to screen for breast cancer d) prostate screening ANSWERV ¥ a) vaccination The best definition of a noncommunicable disease is a) a disease that is spread by a virus b) a disease that is not caused by an infectious agent c) a disease that can be spread from person to person d) a disease that can not spread rom animals to humans ANSWERV ¥ b) a disease that is not caused by an infectious agent Which region has the second worst health indicators a) south Asia b) sub-Saharan Africa c) the middle east and north Africa d) Latin America and the Caribbean ANS WERV V a) South Asia Which of the following is true on average globally a) men live longer than women b) women live longer than men ¢) women and men have about the same life expectancy d) mend spend more years living with disability than women do ANSWERV ¥ b) women live longer than men Which 2 conditions are among the top 3 causes of death globally a) diabetes and ischemic health disease b) chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c) diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease d) ischemic health disease and stroke ANSWERV ¥ 4) ischemic health disease and stroke Which of the following are among the top three conditions that cause disability a) low back pain and migraine b) skin conditions c) anxiety disorders d) chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder ANSWER ¥ a) low back pain and migraine The years of life lost due to premature death from which of the following has increased over the last decade a) malaria b) diabetes ¢) Childhood pneumonia d) childhood diarrhea ANSWERV V b) diabetes b) injuries c) Ischemic heart disease d) maternal death ANS WERY V¥ c) Ischemic heart disease As a country develops economically from being very low income to high income what are the most important changes that occur in the country's burden of disease a) the share of communicable disease declined and the share of noncommunicable disease increases b) the burden of disease of shifts from high noncommunicable disease rates to high communicable disease rates c) the burden of disease shifts from high communicable rates to high infectious rates d) all of the above ANS WERY V a) the share of communicable disease declined and the share of noncommunicable disease increases Which factor is expected to have the greatest impact in the next two decades on the burden of discase a) urbanization b) population aging ¢) population growth d) both population aging and population growth ANSWERY ¥ d) population aging Human capital refers to a) the amount of money people have b) the skills and knowledge people have that allows them to be productive c) the sum of all of an individuals assesses d) non of the above ANSWERV ¥ b) the skills and knowledge people have that allows them to be productive which of the following comments about malnutrition is false a) malnutrition can reduce cognitive development b) malnutrition can reduce physical development c) malnutrition has no connection to infection d) malnutrition can have deleterious impacts on health ANSWER¥ ¥V C) malnutrition has no connection to infection As a country's expenditure on health as a share of national income increases, its health status generally a) increases b) decreases c) stats the same d) decrease over time ANSWERV ¥ a) increases Generally people who are healthier carn a) about the same as those who are in less good health b) about the same as those with minor disabilities c) more money than those who are less good health Which of the following is a health promoting cultural practice a) male circumcision b) female genital mutilation c) feeding newborns with sugar water d) none of the about are health promoting ANSWERV Vv c) feeding newborns with sugar water An example of a "folk illness" might be a) an illness that is widely perceived to be a real health problem, but which is not actually a "disease" b) a disease that used to exist in a community but which is no longer present c) a disease for which people would seek treatment from a traditional healer d) none of the above ANSWERV V a)an illness that is widely perceived to be a real health problem, but which is not actually a "disease" Why are social impact assessment important a) they identify the most cost -effective clinical approach to a health problem in the community b) they identity the social basis of the health issue one is trying to influence, as well as the possible social impact of the proposed activates c) they provide a basis for determining the staffing needs of health programs d) all of the above ANSWERV ¥ b) they identity the social basis of the health issue one is trying to influence, as well as the possible social impact of the proposed activates If health workers wanted to promote six months of exclusive breastfeeding and understand why women in their region do not exclusively breastfeed for six months it would be valuable for them to first a) start a door to door campaign to promote breastfeeding b) start a radio camping to promote breastfeeding ¢) survey new mothers in the community about why breastfeed as they do and who influences their breastfeeding behavior d) post fliers to explain the importance of breastfeeding ANSWERV V c) survey new mothers in the community about why breastfeed as they do and who influences their breastfeeding behavior India was declared polio free in 1988 True or False ANSWERVV F what was the only human disease to be eradicated and what year did the whole health organization declared its eradication ANSWERV V WHO eradicated smallpox through vaccination in 1980 EXAM 2 (Chapter 5-7) ... ANSWERV JY The cornerstone of human right is the a) the international declaration on the Rights of Children b) the international Bill of Human rights c) the International declaration on the right of women d) the belmont report ANSWERV / b) the international Bill of Human rights In general, clinical trials of a drug on human subjects require that the "control group" for the trial receive at least a) a drug related to the drug being tested b) a placebo c) the best proven drug for the condition for which the trial is being conducted d) a drug for the condition for which the trial is being conducted ANS WERV v c) the best proven drug for the condition for which the trial is being conducted 8. The declaration of Helsinki says that anyone participating gin human subject must provide the following: a) a waiver of liability b) voluntary, informed consent c) informed consent d) both a waiver of liability and voluntary , informed consent ANSWERV ¥ b) voluntary, informed consent the major principle(s) of the Belmont Commission Report include: a) respect for persons, beneficence , and justice b) fairness, beneficence c) justice respect d) fairness ANSWERY V a) respect for persons, beneficence , and justice When conducting subject selection is human subject research a) privileged people can be preferred in the selection on participants b) participants should be chosen so the burdens and benefits of the research are shared equitably ¢) vulnerable people can be preferred in the selection d) children should be included ANSWERV ¥ b) participants should be chosen so the burdens and benefits of the research are shared equitably It is important in human subject research to allow participants to a) withdraw from the research b) preserve their confidentially c) be treated respectfully d) all of these are correct ANSWERV ¥ 4d) all of these are correct The key principles for making ethical choices about distributing scarce resources for health include: a) first come, first serve b) health maximization and personal responsibility c) health maximization equity, extra priority to the worse off, personal responsibility d) personal responsibility ANS WERV V c) health maximization equity, extra priority to the worse off, personal responsibility Which of the following is TRUE regarding human rights c) the risks and burdens of the research should not outweigh the benefits d) all of the above are correct ANSWERV ¥ a) participants must be volunteers and consent to participate universal health coverage refers to: a) a health system b) providing universal access to a health system c) providing universal access to a health system, linked with a program for financial protection d) fairness in financing health services ANSWERV ¥ c) providing universal access to a health system, linked with a program for financial protection Primary care is: a) health services at the level of the regional hospital b) health services at the first point of contact, intended to provide basic referral care c) community based health services d) basic care ANSWERV ¥ a) health services at the level of the regional hospital Financial protect is a) financing health care in a way that does not deny access to health services because of financial constrains on the part of the patient b) health care insurance c) limits on out-of-pocket expenditures d) ensuring that there are no co-payments for health care services ANS WERV Vv a) financing health care in a way that does not deny access to health services because of financial constrains on the part of the patient Stewardship of the health system refers to a) how it is financed b) who pays for it c) how it is governed d) the amount of external support a system receives ANSWERV ¥ c) how it is governed The health system of England can best be described as a) pluralistic b) a national health service c) social health insurance scheme d) a fragmented system ANSWERV ¥ b) a national health service The health system of india can best be described as a) pluralistic b) a national health service c) social health insurance scheme d) a coherent system ANS WERV ¥ a) pluralistic The health system of the US can best be described as 
