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HED 475 Final Exam with Questions and Answers Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. glucose b. galactose c. fructose d. lactose ANSWERV ¥ d. lactose The type of fatty acid that contains one double bond along the main carbon chain is called a. polyunsaturated b, monounsaturated c. trans d. saturated ANSWERV ¥ b. monounsaturated ‘The lipoprotein that carries between 60% and 80% of the total serum cholesterol and has the greatest affinity for cells of the arterial wall is called a. LDL b. IDL c. HDL da. VLDL ANSWERV ¥ a. LDL The building blocks of proteins are known as a. peptides b. glucose molecules c. lipids d. amino acids ANSWERV ¥ d. amino acids Athletes who train intensely should consume between grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily. a. 0.5-0.8 b. 1.2-1.8 ce. 2.5-2.8 d. 3.0-3.5 ANSWERV ¥ b. 1.2-1.8 Increased blood glucose levels cause the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete the hormone , causing the cells (mostly muscle) to take up more glucose from the blood. a. glucagon b. somatosatin c. epinephrine d. insulin ANSWERY V d. insulin When exercise becomes very high intensity, pyruvate accepts additional hydrogens, forming a. lactate b. acetyl CoA ¢. pyruvic acid d. alpha-ketoglutarate ANSWERV V a. lactate How many ATP are generated from 1 molecule of glucose through the process of glycolysis? a2 a. digestive enzymes b. muscle c. fat d. pyruvate ANSWERV V c. fat is the preferred fuel during high intensity aerobic exercise because it rapidly supplies ATP through oxidative processes. a. carbohydrate b. fat ¢. protein d. water ANSWERV V a. carbohydrate Which of the following is a true statement regarding protein breakdown and synthesis? a. protein breakdown increases with exercise, and protein synthesis increases after exercise b. exercise has no impact on protein synthesis or breakdown c. protein breakdown decreases with exercise, and protein synthesis increases after exercise d. protein breakdown decreases with exercise, and protein synthesis decreases after exercise ANSWERY ¥ a. protein breakdown increases with exercise, and protein synthesis increases after exercise The respiratory quotient (RQ) refers to the ratio of metabolic gas exchange and is calculated as a. O2 produced/ CO2 consumed b. CO2 produced/ N2 consumed c. CO2 produced/ O2 consumed d. O2 produced/ O2 consumed ANSWERY V c. CO? produced/ 02 consumed Generally, a value of 0.70 represents the RER for : a. fat b. dietary fiber c. carbohydrate d. protein ANSWERV ¥ a. fat ‘The appropriate order of net keal values for | gram of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid respectively is a. 4,9, 6.5 b.4,4,9 c.6.5,9,4 4.4, 9,4 ANSWERVV b. 4, 4,9 If total food calories exceed daily energy expenditure, excess calories accumulate as a. glycogen in the kidneys b. protein in the liver c. glycogen in the pancreas d. fat in adipose tissue ANSWERV ¥ d. fat in the adipose tissue The water soluble vitamins include vitamins a. A, C, D, and K b. A, B-complex, C, and K c. A, D, E, and K d. B-complex and C ANSWERV ¥ D. B-complex and C Water soluble vitamins ANSWERV ¥ B and C vitamins, excess voided in urine Fat-soluble vitamins ANSWERV V Vitamins A, D, E, and K Calcium ANS WERV ¥ Body's most abundant mineral Phosphorus ANSWERV ¥ Essential component of cAMP, PCr, and ATP Magnesium ANSWERV ¥ 400 enzymes that regulate metabolism contains this Iron ANSWERV ¥ most of this mineral is found in hemoglobin electrolytes ANSWERV V chloride, potassium, and sodium The energy currency of the cell is . ANSWERVV ATP The serves as a relalive indicator of how carbohydrate containing food affects blood glucose levels ANSWERV ¥ Glycemic Index The vast majority of carbohydrate absorption occurs in the a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestines d. large intenstines ANSWERV ¥ c. small intestine Which of the following modifications effectively counter IBS? a. eating large meals b. consuming low fiber diet c. stress reduction d. increased mineral intake ANSWERV V c. stress reduction In , a painless, localized electric current is introduced, and the resistance to current flow between the source and detector electrodes is determined to estimate body composition a. hydrostatic weighing b. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BLA) c. MRI scans d. BMI ANSWERV ¥ b. bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) A BMI of is associated with the lowest health risk a. 10 to 15 b. 20 to 25 ce. 25 to 30 d. 30 to 35 ANSWERVV b. 20 to 25 uses air displacement plethysmography to assess body volume. a. underwater weighing b. skinfold c. BIA d. Bod Pod ANSWERV V D. bod pod The theory maintains that the body possesses a well regulated internal control mechanism that strives to preserve a particular level of body weight and/or body fat a. weight maintenance b. weight stabilization c. set point d. energy balance ANS WERV ¥ ce. set point Eating disorders generally affect a, women b/w 30-45 b. women b/w 15-35 c. men b/w ages 30-45 d. men b/w ages 15-35 ANSWERV ¥ b. women b/w 15.35 The pathologic preoccupation with muscle size and overall muscularity is a. muscle dysmorphia b. muscle madness c. oedipus complex d. narcissistic complex ANSWERV ¥ a. muscle dysmorphia is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating that often occur without subsequent purging or abusing laxatives to compensate for overeating. a. bulimia nervosa b. anorexia nervosa c. binge cating disorder d. muscle dysmorphia ANS WERV ¥ ec. binge eating disorder Effective treatment of eating disorders focuses primarily on the reverse the negative effects of disordered eating behaviors. a. physiological b. neurological c. psychological d. cardiovascular ANSWERV ¥ c. psychological The leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease is a, stroke b. hypertension ¢. coronary artery disease d. heart failure ANSWERV ¥ ec. coronary artery disease The build up of lipid and fibrous tissue in the arteries is known as a. artherosclerosis b. thrombosis c. embolism d. spasm ANSWERV ¥ a. artherosclerosis High homocysteine levels can result from a dietary deficiency of a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin E, c. Amino acids d. B vitamins ANSWERV ¥ d. B vitamins realm and attempts to Which one of the following is a component of the internal environment of obesity a. increased circulating lipids and glucose b. increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation ¢. increased insulin d. all of the above ANSWERV V d. all of the above which one of the following is not a characteristic of leptin? a. reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure b. anti-inflammatory c. secreted from adipose tissue d. linked to several types of cancer, atherosclerosis, and hypertension ANSWERV ¥ b. anti-inflammatory True or false? Fat stored in the abdominal region is associated with an increased risk for heart disease ANSWERV ¥ true True or false? overweight children and adolescents do not have the same health risks associated with obesily into adulthood ANSWERV V false True or false? an eating disorder represents a temporary or mild change in eating behavior ANSWERVV false True or false? bulimia nervosa occurs far less frequently than anorexia nervosa ANSWERV*V false True or false? the most important lifestyle changes to decrease LDI cholesterol is to reduce dictary saturated fats and trans fats ANSWERV V true True or false? the more adipose tissue an individual has, typically the higher their circulating leptin ANSWERV ¥ true True or false? Gastric emptying rate tends to increase with longer duration exercise, particularly if the intensity is high ANSWERY ¥ false Which one of the following is NOT considered one of the principles of good eating’? a. variety b. balance c¢. moderation d. vitamin supplementation ANSWER V d. vitamin supplementation Tn the typical american diet, foods are more common. a. energy-poor but nutrient-rich b. energy-rich but nutrient poor c. highly nutrient dense d. high fiber ANSWERV ¥ b. energy-rich but nutrient poor Acceptable intake ranges between 20% and 35% of caloric intake. a. lipid b. carbohydrate c. dietary fiber To speed glycogen replenishment after an intense bout of training or competition, one should consume a. high glycemic, carb rich foods asap b. high glycemic, carb rich foods after 2 hours c. low glycemic, lipid rich foods asap d. low glycemic, protein rich foods asap ANSWERV V a. high glycemic, carb rich food asap The ideal oral rehydration solution contains between ___ carbohydrates a. 1-3% b. 6-8% ¢. 7-12% d. 10-15% ANSWERV ¥ b. 6-8% Which of the following would be best choice to consume before an endurance event? a. low carb nutrition bar and 80z water b. meal steak and eggs c. protein powder mixed w/ 8oz water d. high carb meal ANSWERV ¥ d. high carb meal During a high intensity, long duration aerobic exercise, an intake of per hour of liquid or solid carb is beneficial a.30¢ b. 60g c. 90 ag d. 120 g ANSWERV ¥ b. 60 g Which of the following is the best choice to replace fluids lost during an intense activity? a. eggnog b. beverage that contains glucose and sodium c. beverage with alcohol d. beverage with caffeine ANS WERV ¥ b. beverage that contains glucose and sodium Strength athletes should consume g/kg of body weight of protein per day a. 0.8 b. 1.2-1.4 ce. 1.6-1.8 d. 2.0-2.2 ANSWERV ¥ c. 1.6-1.8 The FDA intervenes in the marketing and sales of supplements when a. supplement found to be unsafe before marketing b. supplement is found to have adverse effects after marketing ¢. company claims that its supplement provides a health benefit d. a supplement is marketed for weight loss ANSWERV ¥ b. supplement is found to have adverse side effects afier marketing Consumers must recognize that quality control for dietary supplements a. is virtually nonexistent b. is very strict c. is comparable to that for pharmaceuticals c. contain minimum of 70% organic ingredientss d. use organic methods of production, but not necessarily all organic ingredients ANSWERY ¥ b. contain at least 95% organic ingredients Heat loss through provides the major physiologic defense against overheating. a. evaporation b. radiation e. conduction d. convection ANSWERV ¥ a. evaporation Sweat evaporation from the skin depends on what three factors ANSWERV V skin exposed to the environment temperature and humidity convective air currents most readily facilitates fluid replenishment when added to an oral rehydration beverage a. calcium b. potassium c. chloride d. sodium ANSWERV ¥ d. sodium is the most serious and complex heat-stress malady and requires immediate medical attention a. heat intolerance b. heat stroke c. heat cramp d. heat exhaustion ANS WERV V b. heat stroke An elevated risk for occurs when an individual's body temperature increases by 4 degrees C or more ANSWERV ¥ hyperthermia true or false? Sweat does not cool the skin: rather, skin cooling occurs only when sweat evaporates ANSWERV V true true or false? a 1 hour aerobic workout typically depletes glycogen in the liver and specifically exercised muscles ANSWERV ¥ false true or false? the dietary guidelines for Americans recommended an increase intake of added sugars ANSWERYV *V¥ false true or false? the best pre-competition meal should be high in fiber and fat ANSWERV / false true or false? Carb feedings during high intensity prolonged exercises allow individuals to exercise at a greater intensity ANSWERV ¥ true true or false? all high glycemic foods have a poor nutritional quality and should always be avoided ANSWERV ¥ false true or false? restaurants are required to serve foods that are in serving size as defined by the USDA ANSWERVV false 
