Hematologic Cancer
Hematologic malignancies are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph,
and lymphatic system. It includes three kinds of cancer type, such as leukemia,
lymphoma, and myeloma.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a common malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system. In 1845,
leukemia is discovered by Bennett and Virchow. They blood from a patient with
anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. After a period of time, the blood is stratified to
produce yellow-white substance, all of which was white blood cells, so it was called
leukemia. The cause of leukemia is that hematopoietic tissue does not work properly
due to DNA mutations in hematopoietic cells. The manifestation of leukemia is that
one or more blood cells in the hematopoietic system such as bone marrow and
lymph nodes become cancerous, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation,
differentiation disorder, and blocked apoptosis, so that hematopoietic cells stop at
different stages of cell maturation.
In the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, the cancerous cells proliferate
in a large amount and infiltrate various organ tissues in the body, resulting in
inhibition of normal hematopoietic cells. It is often characterized by fever,
hemorrhage, anemia and the swelling of liver, spleen and lymph follicle. There are
two classification methods for leukemia in clinical practice. The first is divided into
acute and chronic according to the natural disease course and the maturity of cells.
The second is divided into granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes by cell type.
Depending on the survey, acute leukemia accounts for 70% of leukemia patients.
Among them, acute myeloid leukemia is the most.
