Download Hematology/Oncology/Immunology- ACNPC-AG boards (completed 11/16/23) Questions with Accura and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Hematology/Oncology/
Immunology- ACNPC-AG
boards (completed
11/16/23) Questions with
Accurate Answers
4 categories of leukemia correct answer -AML -CML -ALL -CLL acute management for sickle cell crisis correct answer -fluids for hydration -analgesics for pain -oxygen for hypoxemia Anemia of chronic disease correct answer Chronic normocytic normochromic anemia associated with chronic inflammation, infection, renal failure and malignancy -low hgb/hct -norm MCV -norm MCHC -serum iron & TIBC low angioedema is cause by correct answer - Allergic reaction to food environment or
commonly prescribed medications Circulating immature white blood cells and pancytopenia is the hallmark sign for? correct answer Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) differential dx for high MCV correct answer macrocytic anemia -B12 of folate deficiency -alcoholism -live failure -drug effects differential dx for low MCV correct answer microcytic anemia -iron deficiency -thalacemia differential dx for normocytic anemia correct answer -anemia of chronic disease -sickle cell disease -renal failure -blood loss -hemolysis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) correct answer Complex, acquired disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur Folic acid deficiency correct answer macrocytic, normochromic anemia d/t folic acid deficiency cause: inadequate intake/malabsorption of folic acid (which is needed for RBC production) Gillian Barre syndrome(GB) correct answer - Ascending versus descending
- Acute bacterial or viral infection triggers demyelination of the nerves
Immune mediated reactions type II correct answer cytotoxic reaction mediated by igG or igM antibodies -this is an autoimmune response in a sickle cell crisis, patients may experience what symptoms correct answer -sudden onset of severe pain in extremities, back, chest and abd -aching joint pain -weakness -dyspnea. in acute periodic sickle cell exacerbation, what happens to the RBC? correct answer the RBC become sickle-shaped and cause vessle obstruction -cellular hypoxia results in acidosis and tissue ischemia -high amounts of pain result from this iron deficiency anemia correct answer a microcytic-hypochromic cause: blood loss, inadequate iron intake, or impaired absorption of iron Key identifier for HIT correct answer First sign (90%) drop in platelets by 50%, +/- thrombocytopenia -thrombosis (50%), venous> arterial, first sign noticed. lab and dx findings in DIC correct answer -plt <150,000 (thrombocytopenia) -PT >19 sec (prolonged) -PTT >42 sec (prolonged) -elevated d-dimer management for tumor lysis syndrome correct answer -ICU
- Aggressive ivy hydration, 2 to 3L/day, -maintaining a urine output of 100 to 200 mL/hr
- Allopurinol 100 milligrams PO q8 hours for 3-7 days
- Loop diuretics or Manitol to promote diuresis can be considered
- Hemodialysis for severe electrolyte disturbances and or inability to self-diuresis management of DIC includes: correct answer -Tx underlying cause & control bleeding! -platelet transfusion (for thrombocytopenia) -FFP fresh frozen plasma (to replace clotting factors) MCV in macrocytic anemia correct answer greater than 100 MCV in microcytic anemia correct answer less than 80 MCV in normocytic anemia correct answer 80- myasthenia gravis (MG) correct answer a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles normal hct correct answer Men-42%-52% Women-37%-47% -Increases with Hypovolemia and dehydration -decreases with hemorrhage normal hgb correct answer Men: 14- Women: 12- normal MCH correct answer mean corpuscular hemoglobin 26- normal MCHC correct answer mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (cell color) 32-36% = normochromic
-no neuro signs are seen- this sis what differentiates B!@ from folic acid deficiency! S/S of iron deficiency anemia correct answer Pica-unusual food cravings (ice, clay, etc.) dyspnea & mild fatigue w/ exercise h/a, palpitations, weakness, tachycardia, postural hypotension, pallor S/S of Pernicious Anemia: B12 deficiency correct answer -weakness -glossitis-red beefy tongue -palpitations -dizziness -anorexia -paresthesia -loss of vibratory sense -loss of fine motor control -positive Romberg -positive Babinski S/S of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) correct answer Nausea with or without vomiting loss of appetite fatigue dark urine reduced urine output flank pain
numbness seizures hallucinations muscle cramps or spasms heart palpitations oliguria or anuria can lead to volume overload, hypertension, and pulmonary edema high BUN can be severe enough to result in pericarditis Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) correct answer chronic hemolytic anemia that is genetically transmitted characterized by sickle cell shaped RBC Superior vena cava syndrome correct answer Tumor can compress SVC and cause swelling of face, JVD, and visible chest veins commonly seen with lung cancer thalassemia anemia correct answer microcytic hypochromic anemia -hereditary deficiency of hemoglobin production -commonly seen in Africans, Mediterranean, middle eastern, Indian and asian populations. The muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis is commonly found in what muscles? correct answer Primarily affects voluntary muscles such as the eyes, mouth, throat, limbs treatment for HIT correct answer -immediate cessation of all forms of heparin, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and heparin flushes, is imperative. -A direct thrombin inhibitor, such as lepirudin, danaparoid or argatroban, is considered the agent of choice for treatment of HIT. Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) correct answer The tumor lysis syndrome occurs when tumor cells release their contents into the bloodstream, either spontaneously or in response to therapy, leading to the characteristic findings of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.1- These electrolyte and metabolic disturbances can progress to clinical toxic effects, including renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death due to multiorgan failure.
NSAIDS
