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HESI EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
and Answers well verified
The nurse is reviewing a patient's list of nursing diagnoses in the medical record. The most recent nursing diagnosis is diarrhea related to intestinal colitis. Why is this an incorrectly stated diagnosis statement? - Ans It identifies the medical diagnosis instead of the patient's response to the diagnosis Nurses in the presurgical unit are preparing patients with different medical conditions for surgical procedures. The nurse knows to expect which type of medical condition to cause an increased risk of infection and delayed wound healing after surgery? - Ans Bone marrow depression
- Immunological disorder, the nurse will expect an increased risk of infection and delayed wound healing after surgery. The nurse is given a form with preset standard findings for recording a progress note. The nurse reports the findings in the following way: "Physical Exam: All systems within normal except left lower extremity,
casted d/t to heel fracture. Review of Systems: All normal except pain in the left foot." What kind of documentation and informatics is this? - Ans Charting by exception
- uses forms that have predefined normal findings, the nurse only documents findings that are not standard. Unless documented, all other findings are assumed to be normal The nurse is interviewing a patient with cognitive impairment. Which strategy should the nurse avoid while communicating with this patient? - Ans Using detailed explanations while asking questions to help the patient understand The caregiver of a patient with terminal illness is receiving respite care. Which type of primary and preventive care services offers this kind of care? - Ans Block and parish nursing
- a preventative and primary care service that provides services in respite care, homemaker aides, spiritual health, help with errands, and transportation
- respite care provides short term relief or time off for people providing home care to an ill, disables, or frail older adult
The nurse is attending to an elderly patient scheduled for a hernia operation. The nurse understands that due to aging, the patient may have rigidity of the blood vessel walls and a reduction in sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the heart. What risk would be increased I this patient following surgery? - Ans Hemorrhage Increased systolic blood pressure Increased diastolic blood pressure
- blood vessel walls become rigid, causing a reduction in sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the heart Which are defining characteristics of constipation? - Ans Hard or dry stools pain or straining with defecation no bowel movement for four days Which type of loss does a toddler experience associated with separation anxiety from mom when starting preschool? - Ans Maturational loss
The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who was previously in a state of denial but has now accepted the illness. The patient asks the nurse questions about the illness and expresses emotions openly. What interventions should the nurse perform at this stage? - Ans Involve the family in teaching information for discharge Encourage the expression of feelings Set aside formal times for discussion The primary health care provider suggests discontinuing the peripheral intravenous access of a patient. Which nursing actions are beneficial to the patient? - Ans Inspecting catheter tip after removing it
- catheter may break and cause embolization, which is an emergency situation The health care provider has asked for a postmortem examination on a patient. Under which circumstances can a health care provider make the decision to perform an autopsy? - Ans The patient's death occurred under suspicious circumstances The patient died within 1 hour of being admitted to the hospital
- only to determine cause of death
In a health fair, a woman with diabetes was diagnosed with high blood pressure. She was advised to follow a low-salt diet. The woman followed the dietary restrictions and noted improvement in her blood pressure after 6 months. Which level of prevention does this case illustrate? - Ans Secondary prevention A patient with post traumatic stress disorder is admitted into a psychiatric unit. Which action performed by the nurse indicates the working phase of the helping relationship? - Ans Encouraging and helping patient set goals Which activities may weaken hearing ability? - Ans Woodworking Target shooting Listening to loud music A 43 year old female patient has come into the clinic for her annual physical examination. The patient has chronic arthritis, states that she feels incompetent doing simple tasks, and that she is a burden to
others. Which techniques would the nurse perform to assess for low self-esteem? - Ans Observe patient's behavior Ask patient to explain thoughts and feelings about self Note clues about both stressful and supportive relationships The nursing student is preparing evidence-based practice project for which the student has posed a clear and concise clinical question. Which should the student do before incorporating the evidence into practice? - Ans Collect the most relevant and best evidence Critically appraise the evidence gathered Shared the outcome with others To enhance cultural awareness, which should the nursing students include in their self-examination? - Ans Background, personal biases, and prejudices During bathing, a patient who is in a supine position experiences shortness of breath and labored breathing with a respiration rate of 30. In which position should the bed be placed? -
The nurse is caring for an older-adult couple in a community-based assisted living facility. During the family assessment, the nurse notes that the couple has many expired medications and multiple medications for the respective chronic illness. The nurse begins to work with the couple to determine what they know about their medications and helps them decide on one care provider rather than two. This is an example of which competency for Quality and Safety Education for Nurses? - Ans Safety Which questions if asked by the nurse are useful for evaluating a patient's perception of safety? - Ans "Are you still afraid of falling?" "Do you feel safer as a result of the changes in home?" The nurse is caring for a patient who has a lack of coordination and weakness of both lower limbs. The patient is able to bear weight on both limbs but is unable to walk independently. Which gait does the nurse teach the patient? - Ans A four point gait
The nurse is assigned to care for a patient who has low self esteem after undergoing a right leg amputation. The goal for the patient is that the patients self-esteem will improve in 2 weeks. What are the expected outcomes to achieve the goal? - Ans Patient will interact in a social setting Patient will talk about his or her feelings Patient will verbalize acceptance of the prosthetic leg The nurse is conducting research on the effect of imagery on pain perception. Which actions should the nurse perform when searching the scientific databases for evidence? - Ans Seek the assistance of a medical librarian Enter and manipulate different key words Be prepared for some confusion with the evidence obtained When comparing nasogastric tubes used for gastric decompression, what is the Salem sump specifically designed to do? - Ans Remove gastric secretions and provide an air vent A mother is unable to put her newborn baby to sleep. What measures should the nurse teach the mother to promote sleep in the newborn? -
The patient complains of difficulty passing stools, which are small, hard lumps. According to the Bristol stool form scale, what would be the classification of these stools? - Ans Type 1 A patient is experiencing the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). For which electrolyte disturbance should the nurse evaluate the patient? - Ans Hyponatremia
- excess ADH secretion means excess retention of water from the kidney which is disproportionate to salt retention The nurse observes a student nurse caring for a patient with diarrhea. Which quality in the student nurse reflects cognitive maturity? - Ans Considering multiple solutions for the patients condition The nurse is positioning a quadriplegic patient to a supported fowlers position. While positioning, the nurse uses a pillow to help support the arms and hands of the patient. How will this help the patient? - Ans It prevents shoulder dislocation It prevents flexion contractors of the arm and wrist
Which dietary practice is followed by a Hindu patient? - Ans Not eating any meat A 56 year old patient has a severe, productive cough. The patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and is placed in an isolation room. What are the possible reasons for this action? - Ans To prevent the spread of infection To restrict the patients movements Which statement is true regarding respiratory changes due to immobility? - Ans Alveoli in the lung may collapse due to immobility The nurse is caring for an islamic patient who is recovering from a motor vehicle accident. The patient is observing Ramadan, the ninth lunar month, in which muslims fast during daylight for 28 days. The nurse understands that a good diet is important for the patient's wounds to heal. What should the nurse do when planning the patient's diet? - Ans Reschedule meal
Ans Focus on evidence based practice Focus on the patients values and beliefs related to the new intervention A patient with a sprained ankle is prescribed pain medications. The patient refuses to take the pain medications and insists on taking acupuncture treatment for pain relief. Which actions indicate open- mindedness on the nurses part? - Ans Respecting the patient's views Developing tolerance to differences of opinions The spouse of a patient who is terminally ill is in spiritual distress. What other situations adversely affect the spirituality of an individual?
- Ans A diagnosis of diabetes A near death experience A major vehicle accident The senior nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about health care ethics. Which are examples of the nurse showing respect for a patients autonomy? -
Ans Ensuring that the patient understands the risk of a medical procedure Asking the patient to read and sign an informed consent before surgery Receiving permission from the patient before performing a physical examination The nurse is conducting a psychosocial assessment of the patient to establish the patient's behavioral baseline. Which behaviors can be seen in a person with altered self-concept? - Ans The patient relies on others for making decisions and goes to extreme lengths to obtain support What should the nurse do while documenting and reporting the evaluation of interventions in the care of a patient? - Ans If the patient is not progressing, the nurse should report it to the primary health care provider The nurse has conducted field research and is now writing a manuscript about the study. Which information should the nurse include in the section following the conclusion? -
Ans The patient is compliant with medication regimen The patients relationship with his partner is satisfactory The patient expresses increased hope of becoming healthy A student nurse who has not been trained to administer medications in assisting a registered nurse while caring for various patients in the general ward. Which intervention by the student nurse may result in a malpractice lawsuit? - Ans Administering a subcutaneous injection In the pyramid of mallows hierarchy of needs, which need of the patient is placed at the highest level? - Ans Self-actualization A patient with iron deficiency anemia reports rhythmical movement of the feet and legs and an itching sensation in the muscle before sleep. Which condition is likely to be found in the patient? - Ans Restless leg syndrome A patient expresses the desire to learn how to meditate. What does the nurse need to do first? -
Ans Select a teaching environment that is free from distractions A patient complains of epigastric pain. The nurse assumes the problem is gastritis and educates the patient about the condition. The patient is later diagnosed with mild myocardial infarction. Which statements indicate appropriate management of the situation? - Ans The nurse should provide a straight forward explanation to the patient for why the confusion occurred The nurse should remember the need to be open-minded while looking at the patients information during the initial diagnosis The nurse should retroactively correlate the patients data to see what was missed The nurse is caring for a patient who is diagnosed with renal failure due to diabetes. The nurse must pass the patient care to another nurse during change of shift. Which information should the nurse include in the hand-off report? - Ans Nursing diagnosis of the patient Important information about family members Recent changes in objective measurements A patient is suspected to have dehydration. How should the nurse assess the elasticity of the skin? -
