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Epithelial Tissue
lining of all body surfaces form mucous, serous, cutaneos and synovial membranes characteristics: avascular able to produce rapidly cellularity-tightly packed with little extracellular material free surface attached to underlying connective tissue by basement membrane two classes: membranous and glandular membranous:protect,absorb,lines surfaces glandular;secretes hormones TERM 2
Epithelial are classified by shape and
arrangement of cells
DEFINITION 2 Squamous: flat, small cells; scaly Cuboidal:resemble hexagonal boxes Columnar: rectanglular; TERM 3
Arrangement (or organization) of epithelial
tissue
DEFINITION 3 Simple: only one layer of cells cover the basal lamina Stratified: Several layers of cell cover the basal lamina Pseudostratified: contain several types of cells with varying shapes and functions-typically possess ciia TERM 4
Simple Squamous Epithelium (scaly)
DEFINITION 4 STRUCTURE - single, layer of thin, flat, cells w/ nuclei in the middle of cell LOCATION - lines alveoli, capillaries and blood vessels, heart and body cavities FUNCTION - reduces friction, selective permeability, secretion and absorption TERM 5
Simple Cubodial Epithelium
DEFINITION 5 STRUCTURE - single layer of cube-shaped cells w/ nuclei in center of the cell LOCATION- lining of kidney tubules; drain ducts (i.e. salivary gland) FUNCTION - secretion, absorption
Simple Columnar Epithelium
STRUCTURE - single layer of tall, thin cells w/ nuclei @ base of cell LOCATION - line uterus, stomach and intestines FUNCTION- protection, secretion and absorption Special Features microvilla - (intestines) increase surface area and facilitate absortion goblet cells - secrete mucus lining of stomach and intestines TERM 7
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
DEFINITION 7 STRUCTURE - cells that appear multiayered because nuclei is found at various levels LOCATION- lining upper respiratory tract, oviducts (fallopian tubes) FUNCTION - protection and secretion Special Features goblet cells- secrete mucus to trap particles in respiratory tract cilia - moves mucus through respiratory tract TERM 8
Types of Stratified Epithelium
DEFINITION 8 Transitional Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Keratinized Stratified Epithelium TERM 9
Transitional Epithelium
DEFINITION 9 STRUCTURE - Scalloped or Dome Shaped surface. Several layers resembling cubodial or columnar FUNCTION - allows expansion after recoil LOCATION - bladder and ureters Special Functions tissue has ability to distend in response to tension TERM 10
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Latin;
Squama - Scaly
DEFINITION 10 STRUCTURE - thick tissue, many layers of thin, flat cell at outer layer ; cuboidal or columnar shape cells near a rigid basement layer LOCATION - mouth, esophagus, rectum, vagina outermost skin layers FUNCTION - protection againts abrasion, pathogens, UV radiation, chemical attacks, limits fluid loss, produces vitamin D
Ground Substance (GS)
varies in consistency depending on CT type supports cells, fibers and fills the spaces outside of the cells but with tissue TERM 17
Types of Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 17 Fibrous or Proper Adipose Dense Regular Tissue (white fibrous) Elastic Tissue Reticular Tissue TERM 18
Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
(Areolar)
DEFINITION 18 CELL TYPE - mainly fibroblast MATRIX (background) - collagenous and elastic fibers;loose disorganized pattern; LOCATION: underlying skin; fills space between muscle; underly epithelial tissue FUNCTION: forms a layer that seperates but anchors skin to underlying tissues TERM 19
Adipose
DEFINITION 19 MATRIX- fibers are hidden by adipocytes CELL TYPE- Adipocytes; store fat in cytoplasm LOCATION - beneath skin, between muscles, around kidneys, eyeballs, surface of the heart, around joints FUNCTION - cushions, insulates and stores energy (vit-A,D,E,K) TERM 20
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 20 MATRIX - parallel fibers; contain closely packed collagenous fibers, fine network of elastic fibers. CELL TYPE: fibroblasts, sandwiched between layers of collagen fibers LOCATION: tendons (muscle-bone) ligaments (bone-muscle) FUNCTION- attachment and stability
Elastic Connective Tissue
MATRIX - elastic fibers in wavy, parallel arrangement; minimal collagenous fibers CELL TYPE - fibroblast LOCATION - walls of hollow organs FUNCTION - expansion and contraction of organs TERM 22
Reticular Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 22 MATRIX - three dimensional network of reticular fibers CELL TYPE - fibroblast LOCATION - "spongy" organs :liver, spleen, marrow, kidneys, lymph FUNCTION - provides open, supprotive framework for spongy organs TERM 23
Supportive Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 23 CARTILAGE AND BONE TERM 24
Cartilage
DEFINITION 24 CHARACTERISTICS - Avascular; Cells are Chondrocytes which occupy small chambers call lacunae. Enclosed by perichondrium. Recieves nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels. Semi-solid ground substance. TYPES: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage TERM 25
Hyaline
Cartilage
DEFINITION 25 MATRIX - has a glassy appearance w/ collagenous fibers CELL TYPE - chondrocyte LOCATION - end of nose, trachea, larynx, bronchi, embryonic skeleton; intercostal cartilage; bone surface @ synovial joints FUNCTION - provides stiff, but flexible support, reduces friction at joints
Lymph
MATRIX: fluid called lymph derived from blood plasma; soluable protein fibers CELL TYPE: WBC LOCATION: Lymphatic System FUNCTION: maintain blood volume; aids the immune system TERM 32
Muscle Tissue
DEFINITION 32 consist of long thin (cylindrical) cells referred to as muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are tightly packed and contractile (able to shorten and thicken). Movement of limbs occur. TERM 33
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
DEFINITION 33 CELL CHARACTERISTICS - multi-nucleated; striated; non- branched LOCATION - attach bone to tendon;entrance and exit of digestive system FUNCTION - voluntary (conscious) movement of skeleton; regulates opening of beginning and end of digestive tract TERM 34
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
DEFINITION 34 CELL CHARACTERISTICS - mono-nucleated; striated; branched LOCATION - only in walls forming the heart chambers (atria and ventricles) FUNCTION - involuntary (unconscious) movement (circulates blood and maintains blood pressure) Special Features intercalated discs (junction between cells) TERM 35
Smooth Muscle Tissue
DEFINITION 35 CELL CHARACTERISTICS: mono-nucleated; non-striated; non- branched LOCATION - Walls of hollow organs FUNCTION - involuntary movement (moves substances through organs, regulates diameter of organ)
Neural (Nervous) Tissue
CELL TYPE - Neurons and Neuroglia cells with large intercellular matrix a) Neurons - transmit electrical impulses; communicate by conductivity. Cell body - soma has projections called axons and dendrites that make the cells appear spidery looking. b) Neuroglia
- provide support for neurons; the nuclei appears as specks in matrix LOCATION - brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve FUNCTION - conduction of electrical impulses TERM 37
Integumentary System
DEFINITION 37 skin is cutaneous membrane epidermis dermis subcutaneous TERM 38
Dermis
DEFINITION 38 both loose and dense connective tissue TERM 39
Epidermis
DEFINITION 39 stratified squamous epithelia tissue
